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ISI (Two-process approach is oversimplified (Conformity reduced with…
ISI
Two-process approach is oversimplified
Not always possible to identify whether ISI or NSI is at work
Criticises view of NSI or ISI working independently in conforming behaviour.
Conformity reduced with dissenting partner in Asch experiment
Dissenter reduce ISI - alternative source of info
Dissenter reduce NSI - provides social support
Approach states behaviour due to either ISI or NSI
Individual differences
Asch found students were less conformist (28%) than other ppts (37%)
Perrin and Spencer found less conformity in students
In this study they were engineering students - confident about precision
People who are knowledgeable and more confident are less influenced by majority view.
Differences in how individuals response to ISI.
Research support
Lucas et al. (2006) asked students to give answers to maths problems in varied difficult
More conformity to incorrect answers when problems were difficult
Most true for students who rated their maths ability as poor
People conform in situations where they feel they don't know the answer (ISI)
Look to others and assume they know better than us and must be right.
NSI
Research support
Asch asked ppts to explain why they agreed with the wrong answer
Some said they felt self-conscious giving right answer
Afraid of disapproval.
Asch got ppts to write down their answers
Conformity rates fell to 12.5%
Supports ppts' own reports that they were conforming due to NSI.
Individual differences
People who care more about being liked are more affected by NSI
Naffiliators - people who have a greater need for social relationships
Research found that students who were naffiliators were more likely to conform
Desire to be liked underlies conformity for some people more than others
One general theory doesn't cover the fact there are differences