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CVD prevention (Alcohol (Recommendations Max 14u/w, 2/d, Outcome Lowers…
CVD prevention
Alcohol
Recommendations
Max 14u/w, 2/d
Outcome
Lowers BP
Smoking
cessation
Outcome
Reduced CHD, cancer
Options
Conservative
Throw away smoking accessories
Tell friends
Avoid associated places
Practice saying no to cigarettes
Psychological
Self help programmes
Behavoural therapy
Group counselling
Medical
Varenicline
Indication: 1L medical
MOA: nicotinic ACh-R agonist;
Start 1wk before planned stop date,
slowly step up dose over weeks
SEs: appetite change, dry mouth, headache, drowsy, dizzy, insomnia, depression, panic, nightmares
Bupropion
Indication: 2L medical
MOA: unclear; start while smoking and stop <2wk,
step up dose over weeks
SE: headache, insomnia, seizures
Nicotine replacement
E.g. gum, patches, lozenges, sprays, tablets
Weight loss
Recommendation
BMI 18.5-24.9
Outcome
Reduces BP, cancer risk
Diet
Recommendation
Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN (DASH)
low fat, low dairy, low total fat, high fruit and veg, low salt
Outcome
Lowers BP
Exercise
Recommendation
Moderate aerobic activity 30m/d
Outcome
Lowers BP