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23-year-old male medical student (headache that started last night. Fever…
23-year-old male medical student
headache that started last night. Fever for last 3 days
Infectious
CNS
Intra-cranial
Parenchyma
Encephalitis
altered mental status, focal neurological deficits
Meninges
Meningitis
Meningoencephalitis
Aseptic
Viral
Enterovirus
1 more item...
Pre-treated bacterial
Fungi
Parasite
Bacterial
N meningitidis
Neck stiffness, photophobia, Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign
petechiae, palpable purpura
disseminated
1 more item...
S pneumoniae
Space occupying lesion
Abscess
Brain abscess
Subdural empyema
Systemic
Renal
Pyelonephritis
flank pain, dysuria, frequent urination
GI
Bacterial enteritis
fecal-oral transmission
Salmonella
Typhoid fever
Respiratory
Pneumonia
conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tachypnea, diffuse rales, wheezes
Influenza
inspiratory rales, nonproductive cough, myalgias, nasal congestion
Tuberculosis
TB Meningitis
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Cellulitis
Erythema, swelling, tenderness, and warmth
Eye
Orbital cellulitis
Dengue fever
Complication
Hemorrhagic fever
Infectious Mononucleosis
EBV
fever, pharyngitis, cervical adenopathy, exanthem on trunk/upper arms
Seroconversion disease
HIV
lymphadenopathy, nausea, diarrhea, rash, pharyngitis
Chikunguya
Malaria
travel history
Focal
Parameningeal
Sinusitis
nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, facial tenderness (frontal, maxillary sinuses)
Pharyngitis
Group A Streptococcus
headache (frontal), Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, Tonsillar exudates
Complications
Scarlet fever
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Viral
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
more common in children
Otitis Media
irritability, otorrhea, painful ear, Redness of tympanic membrane
Tonsillitis
tonsillar enlargement, pharyngeal erythema
Non-Infectious
CNS
Malignancy
Neoplastic lesion
Trauma
Intra-axial
Stroke
Cerebral
Haemorrhagic
Subarachnoid
Cervicocranial artery dissection
Intracranial
Ischemic
Thromboembolic
Cerebral venous thrombosis
Migraine
Inflammatory
Autoimmune
Chronic cause
SLE
Post-infection
acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis
Sarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis
CN nerve palsy, hearing loss, blurred vision
Vasculitis
Temporal arteritis
Drugs
NSAID
Meningeal inflammation
if immunocompromised
chronically
By Vectors
common in elderly
common in children
common in female
CNS
Possibly
rarely cause
precipitated by fever
Consider if sexually active
possibly due to