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ETHNICITY (Ethnicity (Eg. "British Asian" means British…
ETHNICITY
Ethnicity
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Definition - shared social identity consisting of cultural practices, language, beliefs & history. You have some control over your ethnic affiliation. (Socially constructed)
Intended to replace "race" which had negative connotations about racial superiority & inferiority. Race = perceived physical similarities & differences which are socially significant. Can't choose race (biological)
Should refer to everyone as all have accent, family ties & part of a group
Ethnicity refers to family heritage linking them historically & culturally to places where relatives once lived & connected to use of language
Intersectionality - idea that social categorisations are all interconnected & overlapping so ethnicity can't be separate from gender, social class, sexuality & so on
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Ethnolect
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Often used in relation to immigrant or minority population within dominant white context e.g.. in US white varieties of English are regional dialects but non-white varieties seen as ethnolects
Maintains divide between marked (stands out as different from norm) ethnic minorities & unmarked (common, normal version) dominant population
Heritage Language
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Different generations have different relationship with heritage language & dominant language due to different experiences, choices & expectations.
eg. 1980s hostility to migrants led to pressure to use English rather than Punjabi, less in 2000s
Definition - a language that is not the dominant language in society where live, yet it is one spoken at home e.g.. Indian heritage teenager has English as first language but main language at home is Punjabi.
Devyani Sharma Studies
(2011)
Investigated English of 3 age groups
of Punjabi-speaking Indians in Southall West London (using interviews & recordings)
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Findings
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Older 2nd generation surviving at school & public meant had to downplay Indians & pass as British so acquired local pronunciations & weekend Asian ones - also went into fathers' businesses &had continuing ties with India so had two distinct pronunciations of English
Younger 2nd generation had less contact with India but race relations less hostile when growing up so used Punjabi-inflected speech to show allegiance with now sizeable local British Asian community
(2015)
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Findings
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Particular linguistic features used as a tool to align self with particular ethnic & cultural viewpoints & identities e.g.. 100% Indian when talking to Sri-Lankan maid & 100% British when talking to Cockney mechanic
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Multiethnolect
Collection of linguistic resources combining features from variety of languages within multi-ethnic, multi-cultural context e.g.. MLE
Code switching
When people routinely use more than one language in everyday lives (switching from one language to another mid-conversation). Not when talking to different groups. Could also be switching between dialects in same language
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