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The Break from Rome: The Reformation Parliament (Pressures on the Papacy,…
The Break from Rome: The Reformation Parliament
Pressures on the Papacy
wanted to put pressure on the Pope to annul his marriage = 2 ways
taking action against Church/leading church men based on Praeminure to weaken the will of the church
also using financial pressure
taking legal control of the church
Submission of the clergy 1531-34
H wanted to charge 15 churchmen w/ praemunire
when convocation met in 1531 made clear to them that Henry would withdraw charge if got £100,000 and agreed to him being "Supreme Head of the Church of England and Wales"
agreed to terms w/ "as far as the word of God allows" = clergy still able to accept God was reflected in canon law instead of Henry's view
Supplication against the ordinaries 1532
petition passed in House of Commons b/c grievances against the clergy = church gaining money at expense of laity + laity not having control
Mortuary fees
holy days b/c those involved in manufacture could not work that day
Charges of heresy made by the clergy seemed to be untrue and had harsh punishment
Act to remove the Annates 1532
Annates - main source of Revenue Rome received from England
had been criticised by parliament
Wanted to remove this
bargaining tool
Didn't receive full support in House of Commons
MPs and expression of Grievances
Reformation parliament met between 1529 + 1536
During court in 1529 MPs attacked abuses of the church
grievances w/ Cardinal Wolsey
Attended court every day w/ procession of servants (not like humility expected of clergy)
Rode on ass = seen as mockery of Christ's journey to Jerusalem
greed through acquiring palaces + fine living showed wealth gained by the clergy through simony
Bishop of Winchester + Durham (Wolsey never visited) = absenteeism + pluralims
Act of Attainder wanted to be passed against Wolsey
summoned to London, accussed of treason + died in 1530 (ill)
easy target b/c failed to get annulment at Blackfriar's
Critical of Church courts
made it possible for Churchmen to appeal to Rome when should be heard in court in England
Main criticisms
excess fines clergy charged for probate
mortuary fines
land owned by Church restricted peasant's ability to graze their animals
Church's involvement in trade
clergy often had more than 1 parish = left many parishes w/o clergy to preach
Had been criticism of Church when parliament met in 1515
MPs aired concerns about what were matters of king's court and what were matters of the Church (raised by Hunne caise previous year
Legislation leading to the establishment of Royal Supremacy
Submission of the Clergy and Supplication of the ordinaries not sufficient to get Pope to agree to annulment
Pope thought this was temporary and after infatuation w/ Anne Henry would go back
Act in restraint of appeals 1533
forbade all appeals to Pope in Rome on any matter
Made King final authority in all matters in England
Effect = 5 April 1533 Convocation ruled that marriage couldn't be Nullified by Pope but only by court
meant that Henry could make his marriage to Anne legal and his future child would be legitimate
1533: Henry + Anne secretly married by Cranmer
child due in September of 1533 = crucial marriage between Catherine and Henry ended by then = had to break from Rome
Autumn of 1532 Henry and Anne went to France to gain support from Francis I
welcomed Henry (not Anne) = enough to allow them to sleep together
France very important b/c very powerful
Acts of 1534
Reinforced earlier legislation
confirmed act in restraint of annates
granted right to elect bishops and abbots to the king
confirmed supreme legal authority of secular courts
Act forbidding papal dispensation and payment of Peter's Pence
put all ecclesiastical powers in hands of king
restricted Archbishop's right to allow departures from canon law
had allowed priests to hold more than 1 parish
prevented payment of annual tax to Rome
First act of succession
made Henry + Catherine's marriage invalid
declared mary to be illegitimate
secured succession to go to Anne's child
Whole nation had to swear an Oath to it (denying it considered treason)
Act of supremacy
established Henry as (kinda) Supreme head of the Church
gave Henry right to collect first fruits and tenths (tax previously paid to rome
treasonable to call monarch heretic/schismatic
January 1535 added claim as "Supreme Head of the Church of England" (didn't change anything