Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Break from Rome: The King's Great Matter (Henry VIII (His…
The Break from Rome: The King's Great Matter
The Position and Role of Catherine of Aragon
Her national supporters
Positive reception when left Blackfriar's show how highly regarded she was by public
Thomas More
Believed in legitimacy of marriage + the sacrament
Request to retire from position of chancellor showed his disapproval
Also showed he couldn't stop the divorce
Not very many in court willing to support her
Boleyn faction lead by Duke of Northumberland a lot more powerful
John Fisher
Believed in legitimacy same as More
Wrote at least 7 books providing theological argument in support of Catherine
Her international supporters
Holy Roman Emperor
one of main powers in Europe (along w/ France)
Nephew of Catherine
Sack of Rome meant he prevented Pope from granting annulment
European scholars
exposed misrepresentation of Leviticus
challenged Henry's interpretation of Canon law
Henry VIII
His religious beliefs
Humanist
Close to Thomas More who had discussed removing superstition from Church practices w/ him
Supporter of catholic church
declared "defender of the Faith" 1521
Nothing before 1529 to suggest that he thought he should be head of the Church
Attacked Martin Luther's 95 theses
Dependent on legitimacy of church through ceremony of coronation for his position as king
Deeply devoted
attended Mass at least once a day
went on pilgrimage to Walsingham
His concern over the succession
War of the Roses
Surrounded by ppl who could claim the throne through relation to Edward III
Wanted to avoid civil war
Catherine of Aragon
By 1527 she was 42
pregnancies
last one was in 1518
Had had several miscarriages + still births
Only 2 successful pregnancies
Boy in 1511 that died 7 weeks old
Mary
thought of female heir was unthinkable
Only female Queen had been Matilda in 1135 --> cousin Stephen took the Crown + caused civil unrest
by 1524 Henry had ceased marital relations w/ her (stopped wohooing her??)
Want for divorce
18 May 1527: Spanish ambassador Chapuys told HRE that Henry had gotten together a group of Bishops and lawyers to sign declaration that marriage 2 Catherine null and void
claiming that she had been his brother's wife 1st + Pope was wrong to grant permission for marriage in 1509
Wanted Pope to annul his marriage on biblical grounds
Leviticus VS Deuteronomy
Henry used Leviticus
Catherine's response
marriage to Henry was valid
Marriage to his brother had not been consumated
Papal dispensation 2 allow her to marry Henry
Sack of Rome 1527
HRE Charles V, nephew, holding Pope captive in Rome
Process
1527 Wolsey petitioned Pope to reverse permission granted by predecessor in 1509 for marriage
Blackfriar's court March 1529
Cardinal Campeggio speaking on behalf of Pope
Wolsey tried to put pressures on Campeggio
Catherine's appearance
Made it clear that she was going to appeal to Rome
Wolsey couldn't stop this
Made passionate speech
23rd July: Campeggio announced court was part of the court in Rome + adjourned to meet in October
The Roles of Wolsey, Anne Boleyn and her supporters
Anne Boleyn
by 1529 Henry's constant companion + played major role in court life
Boleyn faction
Lead by Duke of Norfolk (wanted to promote his standing in court)
Letters to Henry from 1527
Demanded to be Queen
didn't want to be mistress b/c failure of her sister's, Mary, relationship w/ Henry
Wolsey
replaced by More in 1529 b/c Henry expected him to achieve annulment using religious positions he had
Influence of Charles V was too much
Dependent for his position on getting what Henry wanted
Supported change in foreign policy
moving away from Spain as ally + towards France
Anne Boleyn had close connection w/ French court so perfect candidate