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Fluency Instruction and Basic Reading Skills (General Classroom Practices…
Fluency Instruction
and Basic Reading Skills
Foundational Skills
: oral language skills, phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, and decoding
Problems with these skills can stem from a lack of instruction
Lack of direct phonics instruction
Lack of texts that provide decoding in context
Lack of language play with rhyming
Lack of adult models for articulation on phonemes
Fluency
A lack of reading fluency is a reliable predictor of reading comprehension
Fluent readers comprises of
accurate
reading of a connected text at a conversational
rate
with appropriate
prosody
Poor automaticity in word reading taxes the reader's capacity to construct an ongoing interpretation of the text
To decode words accurately students need to: identify the letter sounds, blend phonemes, read phonograms, and use letter-sound and meaning cures to determine the pronunciation and meaning of the word
To assess fluency students need to read passages out loud
Allow for repeated readings, as that will improve fluency
Use relatively short passages that are motivating at their independent reading level
General Classroom Practices
Provide direct instruction in phonics and decoding
Provide opportunities to apply phonics in reading and writing
Provide extensive practice with letter names and sounds
Provide repetitive access to clearly articulated letter sounds
Provide repetitive, massed practice in phonological awareness and alphabetic knowledge
Provide opportunities for language play
Add manipulatives to make the phonological task concrete
Teach synthetic and then analytic decoding strategies
Including decoding instruction for irregular words
It is important to know when decoding growth is atypical to know what type of intervention to use