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Amino Acids and Proteins (Levels of protein structure (Primary structure…

- - - - Spiral / cylinder shape
    - - Shown as broad arrows
- - - - Enzyme activity needs to be controlled to allow the cells biochemical pathways to be regulation
    - - control of the concentration of a particular enzyme in the cell - Genetic regulation
      - regulate the catalytic activity of enzyme molecules already present
    - - Enzyme is produced as an inactive molecule - later converted to be active - this form of regulation is IRREVERSIBLE
    - - Activities of 1000's of enzymes are regulated by reversible covalent modification of one or more specific amino acid residues e.g phosphorylation
        
        Phosphorylated and dephosphorylated from of an enzyme have different activities
    - - Allosteric enzymes catalytic activities are controlled by the binding of small molecules to the sites that are distinct from the enzymes active site
      - Binding of ligands cause conformational changes in the enzyme that are either an increase/decrease in activity
      - Activity depends on the concentration of substrates, activators and inhibitors