Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS- ENCEPHALOCELE (Health Education (Take 400…
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS- ENCEPHALOCELE
Definition
sometimes known as cranium bifidum, is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development.
Signs and Symptoms
Neurologic problems
Hydrocephalus
Spastic quadriplegia
Microcephaly
Ataxia
Causes
Teratogens
Failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development
Classification
Encephaloceles of the face are generally classified as nasofrontal, nasoethmoidal, or naso-orbital
They can also appear along any part of the cranial vault, as they result from abnormal closure of cranial bones
the most common location for encephaloceles is the occipital region
Surgical Management
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA).
minimally invasive technique uses the nose and nasal cavities as natural corridors to access hard-to-reach or previously inoperable tumors
Craniotomy
Craniofacial Reconstruction
Pathophysiology
The neural tube is a narrow channel that folds and closes during the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy to form the brain and spinal cord. Encephalocele is a sac-like protrusion or projection of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull. Encephalocele happens when the neural tube does not close completely during pregnancy. The result is an opening anywhere along the center of the skull from the nose to the back of the neck, but most often at the back of the head
Health Education
Take 400 micrograms of the B vitamin, folic acid, every day before and during early pregnancy
Avoid alcohol at any time during pregnancy
Keep diabetes under control
Talk to a healthcare provider about taking any medications.
Talk to a healthcare provider about vaccinations
Strive to reach and maintain a healthy weight
Risk Factors
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Folate deficiency
Nursing Care Plan
Grieving
Desired outcomes
Patient participates in self-care activities of daily living (ADLs), as able.
Patient recognizes impact/effect of the grieving process (e.g., physical problems of eating, sleeping) and inquires proper help.
Patient identifies and expresses feelings (e.g., sadness, guilt, fear) freely.
Patient looks toward/plan for future, one day at a time.
Nursing Interventions
Allocate private room if patient wants it, with regular contact by care providers. Encourage of feelings unlimited visiting by family and friends.
Support free flow of emotional expression. Only restrict behavior that is dangerous to well-being of patient/couple (e.g., pulling out IV, using fists to pound on abdomen).
Include partner in planning care. Grant opportunity for partner to be seen individually. Reinforce discussion of concerns.
Risk for Altered Family Processes/Role Performance
Desired Outcomes
Patient verbalizes understanding of role expectations/obligations.
Patient identifies needs and resources to nurture roles/family ties.
Patient expresses feelings freely and appropriately.
Patient demonstrates individual involvement in problem-solving process directed at resolution of crisis.
Nursing Interventions
Assess present family situation and psychological status.
Review family’s strengths, resources, and past coping skills
Promote exchange of feelings and listen for verbal cues indicating feelings of failure, guilt, or anger. Discuss normalcy of feelings.
Nursing Mangement
preventing rupture of the sac
preventing infection
providing adequate nutrition and hydration
monitor for signs and symptoms of increased intra cranial pressure
Consist of preoperative and post operative care
Provide symptomatic and supportive care
Medical Mangement