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TOPIC 14: METHODS THAT FOCUS ON THE ACQUISITION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE…

- - - - Functional grammar
        
        He saw language as a social and cultural phenomenon.
        
        His problem was that he did not incorporate meaning into the account of language.
        
        Halliday conceived a powerful theory about the functions of language.
      - Communicative competence
        
        Canale and Swain expanded the previous description of Hymes establishing four dimensions of communicative competence or subcompetences:
        
        It is defined as what a speaker needs to know in order to be communicatively competent in a speech community.
        
        Dell Hymes established a new concept in langauge theory: communicative competence
        
        Subcompetences:
        
        Sociolinguistic competence: the appropriate use of the language.
        
        Strategic competence: participant's verbal and non-verbal strategies.
        
        Discursive competence: the ability to relate and combine grammatical forms.
        
        Socio-cultural competence: Certain amount of cultural factors.
        
        Grammatical competence: refers to the correct use of the linguistic code.
      - Generative grammar
        
        Learners are considered to be the agents of their own foreign language competence.
        
        They possess the ability to produce grammatically correct sentences.
        
        From Chomsky's ideas
        
        Chomsky did not include the social or communicative dimension.
  - - - Unpredictable: a student has to seek the information his/her partner has.
      - Within a context: this refers to the situational context as well as the linguistic context.
      - Interactive: two or more people involved in the communicative interaction.
      - Authentic: the language should be genuine.
    - - Functional-notional activities: the students look for missing information or solve problems: problem-solving, completing information.
      - Social-interaction activities: the aim is the development of the students' interactive abilities: role-play, dialogues...
        The use of pair and group work will provide opportunities for practice.
  - - - Facilitator: the teacher facilitates the communication process between students.
      - Monitor: the teacher monitors students' performances.
      - Participant: teachers are independent participants within the group.
    - - Learners' opinions, feelings and motivation are taken into account.
      - Higher atunonomy from the teacher.
      - The learner has a higher degree of involvement in his/her own learning process.
- - - - The learners may use learnt knowledge to correct themselves when they communicate.
    - - Acquisition takes place as a result of learners having understood input.
    - - Acquiring the language is a natural and unconscious language development.
      - Learning refers to a process in which conscious rules about language are developed.
    - - The acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predictable order and errors are signs of the acquisition.
    - - Krashen sees the learners' emotional state as a filter that passes or blocks the necessary input for acquisition.
- - - - A presentation about traditions of English speaking countries.
      - A tourist guide with texts, maps and photos of the town where students live.
      - A class magazine with articles, photos and pictures taken by the students.