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Types of guidance and feedback (Types of feeback (Extrinsic (Comes from…
Types of guidance and feedback
Guidance
Verbal
Describes or explains on how to perform a skill. Used with visual guidance to reinforce a mental picture
E.g, coach telling goal attack in netball to move up court to receive a ball
Disadvantages
Hard to create mental picture if information is incorrect
Can confuse or overload information
Advantages
fine tuning or developing skill movements
Can be used alongside visual guidance
Immediate and quick
Manual
E.g, coach supporting the trampoliner during somersault
Giving physical support from a coach to guide performer
Disadvantages
Over-reliance on the support
Dangerous if incorrect
Unrealistic feel of the skill
Advantages
Increases safety
Raises confidence and gives feel of the skill
Reduces fear in dangerous situations
Visual
E.g is demonstration of a penalty flick in hockey
Use of demonstration, video or chart to build an image of what is required to perform a skill
Disadvantages
Can be too complicated or overloads information
Hard to get feel of the skill if demonstration is incorrect
Advantages
Quick and effective
Technical model to copy
Good for beginners and easy to remember
Mechanical
Use of equipment to guide a performer
E.g, a new/novice swimmer using a float
Advantages
Increases safety
Raises confidence and gives feel of the skill
Reduces fear in dangerous situations
Disadvantages
Over-reliance on the support
Dangerous if incorrect
Unrealistic feel of the skill
Types of feeback
Extrinsic
Comes from external sources such as sound or vision from crowd or coach
e.g, when spectator sighs at a pass
Positive feedback
Reinforces the skill learning and gives information about successful outcomes
E.g, a coach praises a footballer for a correct pass
Knowledge of results
Feedback about the end result of a response
Knowledge of performance
Feedback about how well a movement is executed
E.g,
Intrinsic
Continuous from within the performer
E.g, gymnast performing handstand feels their legs are straight
Negative feedback
Gives information about unsuccessful outcomes and can be used to build strategies
E.g, tennis coach telling player their grip is correct