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The church in c1529: The political role of the Church (church courts…
The church in c1529: The political role of the Church
church teachings on monarchical authority
Henry dependent on church 4 social control
Church was physical centre of each parish
personally unknown outside small circle of nobility
Liturgy
collective term for practices of the CHurch
Under pope, archbishops (interpreted canon law) in archdioceses + then bishops in dioceses
Pope had authority to excommunicate if heretic or tyrant
church taught obeidence to the monarch in temporal matters
monasteries and parish churches
Parish Churches
very maginificent building
built of stone unlike wooden structure of peasants' houses
screen between area for laity and area for choir and clergy
very decorated: hangings and candles
high altar
used for masses on sunday and holy days
chantry chapels
used to say masses for the dead
often would be solely for particular person or family
chantry guild
people would join so mass would be said for their soul at anniversary of their death
physical centre of community
no pews
meant that space could be used for activities
could accommodate people and animals in times of severe weather
markets, social activities and important village meetings held there
wealthy people
used church to show off by giving them gifts
gifts would be in the name of the donor
The Role of monasteries in the community
wealth
Monasteries
Property was given when someone accepted into religious institution
Members of nobility would give gifts of land/gold
very wealthy + politically powerful
often very close to parish
Tithes
everyone had to give 10% of what they had produced that year
could be in crops + produce
stored in tithe barn intended to help support priest but often sold
responsible for collecting Church taxes
people paid Peter's Pence of 1 penny to Rome
Henry got £12500 pa in taxes in 1520s
some money went to Rome
in 1520s Rome received approx £4500 pa
some clergymen held more than 1 position = could get income from multiple lands
Churchmen as royal advisers
Cardinal Wolsey
From 1514 = chief minister + most important person in government
exploited position to achieve outcomes that enhanced both Henry's position + his own
Legatus a latere (right to act on behalf of pope)
Archbishop of York (second most important position in CofE
Chancellor = ultimate authority over legal system
principal adviser to the king (responsible for day to day government of the country)
Henry VIII could use wealth of Church to reward advisers and give them prestige
Abbots and bishops sat in House of Lords w/ nobility
instrumental in advising king
Pope had power over Henry VIII
church courts
Church law known as cannon law
used for proving wills
people would leave significant amount to the church
excommunication
couldn't attend attend church service, obtain forgiveness for their sins or participate in mass
very bad
couldn't execute except for charge of heresy
slander + adultery brought before Church court
could fine someone for not attending Church + breaking the 10 commandments