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KIDNEY AND RENAL FUNCTION DRUGS (Mannitol ( Osmotic diuretic ) (Nursing…
KIDNEY AND RENAL FUNCTION DRUGS
Mannitol ( Osmotic diuretic )
Mechanism of action
Filtered by glomerulus , increase osmotic pressure in tubules , inhibit passive re- absorption of water in the tubules .
indications
Promote excretion of toxic substances , such as drugs
Prevent and treat oliuguric phase of acute renal failure
reduce raised intracranial pressure , due to cerebral edema
Nursing conderations
Side effects
increased urinary frequency and urine volume
dry mouth, thirst
nausea and vomiting
headache
Storage
Stored at room temperature , <40%
Contraindications
severe dehydration
hypersesitivity to mannitol.
intracranial bleeding
Severe renal disease or renal damage
route of administration
Intravenously
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mechanism of action
Blocks re absorption of water , sodium and potassium at cortical diluting segment of distal tubule
indications
Hypertension
Edema
Nursing consideration
Side effects
hypokalemia
headache , orthostatic hyportension
Storage
Stored at room temperature, protect from light, moisture ,and do not freeze
Contraindications
hypersesitivity to thiazide di uretics
Anuria
route of administration
Taken orally
Furosemide ( loop diuretic )
Mechanism of action
Enhances excretion of sodium , chloride and potassium by direct action at ascending limb of loop of henle
indications
Edema
hypertension
Nursing consideration
Contraindications
severe electrolyte depletion
Anuria , hepatic coma
hypersensitivity to furesomide
Side effects
electrolyte disturbances
Nausea, abdominal cramps
constipation
dizziness and light headiness
Storage
Store at room temperature
route of administration
Taken orally , I.M.I , and I.V
Spironolactone ( K Sparing Diuretics )
Mechanism of action
Interferes with Na rearbsoption by inhibiting action of aldesterone in distal tubule, promoting Na and H2O excretion, increasing K retention
indications
Congestive Heart Failure
Edema , ascities
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Nursing conderations
Contraindications
Acute renal insufiency
Anuria,
Serum creatinine levels more than twice as normal values
Side effects
dehydration
hyperkalemia
Nausea, vomiting
Storage
Stored at room temperature
route of administration
taken orally