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Motives of the First Crusaders (Bohemond of Taranto (would not get title,…
Motives of the First Crusaders
Raymond of Toulouse
Who was he?
in early 60s
had a lot of military experience
stories about his conquests against the moors of Iberia
Pope gregory had excommunicated him twice
in 1080s was repentant and supported the Reform Movement
had heard about mistreatment of Pilgrims
his motives
was very wealthy so not economic
gave up part of his wealth to go on crusade through handing over possessions to clergy
main reason was spiritual
was supporter of the Pope and very pious
Met with pope to see possibility of him going on a crusade
he wanted to be the secular ruler of Jerusalem
Adhemar would be papal legate
Bishop of Le Puy which was under the rule of Toulouse
joined crusade same time as Raymond and they were very close
Hugh of Vermandois
was a bit up himself
his brother needed to reconcile with the Pope
Philip of France was excommunicated for an adulterous affair with the Countess of Anjou
Philip submitted and Hugh went on crusade for this
Godfrey of Bouillon
was vassal to HRE Henry VI
had opposed the Pope before
raised money by selling lands to the church
made sure he could buy his lands back after the Crusade
travelling with him
Brother Eustace, count of Boulogne
Baldwin of Boulogne
cousin, Baldwin of Bourcq
had a lot of military experience
were not travelling for economic reasons because they sold so much of their lands to go on the Crusade
Bohemond of Taranto
Eldest son of Norman Robert Guiscard
would not get title
Robert's second wife wanted it passed on to her son not Bohemond
also faced Roger of Sicily in fight for title
was a very good soldier
brought his Nephew, Tancred
definitely wanted to to gain financially
had raided in Byzantium before
Other crusading Princes
came from Northern France
included
Robert, Duke of Normandy
didn't have a lot of money, so mortgaged his duchy to his brother to finance expidition
Stephen of Blois
Normandy's brother in law
Robert II count of Flanders
Normandy's cousin
his father had fought in Byzantine army after pilgrimage in 1089
wanted to gain remission of sins
other motives
warring princes could war somewhere else
The People's crusade
break down in society
little or no movement between the classes
work was hard and monotonous
land was at a premium
if lord didn't protect village, inhabitants would be robbed or involved in local civil wars
famine
breakdown of feudal system
not being used as much anymore
meant that someone couldn't get land if they wanted it
1094 floods and 1095 famine
belief in religion
millenarianism: belief in the second coming of Christ
Pope said that he was targetting people "of whatever rank" to participate
Peter the Hermit
charismatic speaker
persuaded others to go on crusade with him
led crusade army of 15 000 people
Other preachers
Robert d'Arbrissel had a message of reforming morals
had high attendence at his gathering
some preachers added anti-semetic message