Sol-Kin-Equal Test
Solutions
Kinetics
Equillibrium
Solute: A solute is the dissolved substance in a solution
Solvent: A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution
C1V1 = C2V2; use if given two concentrations and one volume or vice versa
Moles of solution / Volume of solution = Concentration
Molar mass of compund x Concentration given / Density x Volume
Reaction Rate: The change in concentration of reactant or product per unit of time
([A] at time t2 - [A] at time t1) / t2-t1
Rate = Change in [A] / change in t
Can measure disappearance of reactants
Can measure appearance of products
Are proportional stoichiometrically
Are equal to the slope tangent to that point
Change as the reaction proceeds, if the role is dependent upon concentration
Rate Laws: express the relationship between the concentration of reactants and the rate of reaction ONLY REACTANTS
R = k [A]^x[B]^y
Only Aqueous or Gaseous Solutions
Rate Expressions
Reactants are always negative and products are positive
Symmetrical equation set equal to each other :
EX: A (aq) + B (aq) = C (aq)
- change in [A] / change in t = - change in [B] / change in t = change in [C] / change in t
Orders
To solve for the orders of a reaction, you must first refer to rate Law and compare the data given.
For the compund, first you need to look at where the other compund is remaining constant and divide them as well as the rate
You set the answer to each other and and find the exponent
Factors
Increasing Temperature: increases the rate of a reaction
Increasing surface area: increases the rate of a reactions by more collisions
Increasing Concentration: USUALLY increases the rate of a reaction
Presence of Catalysts: lowers the activation energy by providing alternate pathways
Le Chateliers Principle
When a system at equillibrium is placed under stress, the system will undergo a change in such a way as to relieve that stress
Goes the other way where the stress in increased to equalize the reaction
Chemical Equillibrium
Reversible Reactions: A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants
When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reversible reaction and the concentration of products and reactants remains unchanged
Product Favored Reactions
Large values for k signify the reaction is "product favored''; when the equillibrium, most reactant has been converted to products
Reactant Favored Reactions
small values for k signify the reactions is "reactant favored"; when equillibrium is achieved most reactant has been converted to product
Reaction Quotient: When the system is not at equillibrium the reaction quotient Q, takes place of K, the equillibrium constant in the law of mass action
When Q = K, the system is at equillibrium
When Q > K, the system shifts to the left, consuming products and forming reactants until equillibrium is achieved
When Q < K, the system shifts to the right, consuming reactants and forming products until equillibrium is achieved
Equillibrium Concentration
Set up expression and use the ICE table to solve the question
Set k = to the reaction quotient and solve for x
Mohammed Shaik Period2