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Vocabulary Journal 10, Communicative Competence (Definition: being able to…
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Communicative Competence
Definition: being able to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well as correctly in terms of rules and structure
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Characteristics: Broken down into four distinct areas: linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence
Semantics
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Example: a naive speaker may intuitively know the difference between wise, crafty, and bright, while an English language learner may recognize them only as synonyms for smart
Non-example: in ability to recognize the underlying meaning in words--not being able to recognize difference between a set of words and viewing them all as synonymous
Characteristics: Connotation is the emotional association of a word while denotation is word's actual dictionary definition
Sociolinguistics
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Example: how a language relates to society and its culture. language has played a crucial part in the regional separatist movements of many countries, such as Quebec in Canada
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Characteristics: has an influence on language policy-->the set of actions a government takes to regular what languages are spoken in the given country
Pragmatics
Definition: the field of pragmatics goes beyond the concept of semantics to examine meaning in context
Example: the context of the situation and the relationships between speaker and listener lend additional, significant meaning to the words and phrases
Non-example: relying specifically on an definition of a word and ignoring the social context that may alter the underlying meaning of a word
Characteristics: in pragmatics, study focuses on utterances, speech acts of one or more words that contain a singe idea and are surrounded on both sides by silence
Transfer
Definition: when one applies knowledge of a first language onto another; transfer can be both positive and negative
Example: a Spanish-speaking student may recognize the English verb to comprehend because it looks very close to the Spanish verb comprender which means to understand
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