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The re-establishment of the Church of England (The role of Parliament and…
The re-establishment of the Church of England
Attempts to reconcile conflicting groups
wanted to avoid rebellions like the Western Rebellion in 1549 and Wyatt's rebellion in 1554
the Device for the Alteration of Religion
recommended that views of Protestants of East Anglia and south-east (those who had supported Wyatt) were not representative of Protestants throughout England
Author of device thought radical protestants would claim that any compromise was disguised as Catholic
instead Device recommended that Elizabeth should note that majority of laity wanted to continue Catholic practice whilst not being committed to being part of wider Catholic church (and authority of the Pope)
suggested some possible settlements and how these would be received
Elizabeth's own views
during first month of her reign she made her views clear
wouldn't accept Catholic practices
issued proclamations Dec 1558 that meant all religious books should be in English and Lord's Prayer should be said in English
Opening of Parliament she refused to attend procession of monks which was re-introduced by Mary
appointed known protestant to make official sermon at St Paul's Cross
The role of Parliament and the passing of the acts of Supremacy and Uniformity
1st Parliament met in Jan 1559
3 bills passed
one to sever connections with Rome and to return Royal Supremacy
Two to establish uniform patterns of doctrine and liturgy
Act of Uniformity passed in Commons but rejected by House of Lords
Marian Bishops didn't like it
attempted to change them
reason for rejection
argued that Parliament didn't have the right to determine doctrine because this was the right of the clergy
Bill rejected transubstantiation
Had learnt the dangers of giving concessions to the monarchy after the Submission of the Clergy in 1532 lead to the break of Rome
Clergy would not make concessions
Act of Uniformity
after Easter Recess two Marian bishops were imprisoned
Meant that the bills just passed through House of Lords because the 2 bishops weren't there
signing of Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1558 removed foreign pressure from Elizabeth
queen set up public debate in week before Easter
Protestant clergy
attacked authority of the pope
attacked spiritual value of the Mass and use of latin in the liturgy
Catholics
withdrew from the debate
Elizabeth used this opportunity to arrest two Marian Bishops on charges of disobedience
reduced number of bishops in the House of Lords
Act of Supremacy
Elizabeth, as a woman couldn't be head of the church (extreme Protestants didn't like it)
she called herself "Supreme Governor instead
aimed at protestants who didn't like women being the head of the Church
meant catholics could still see Pope as the spiritual head
The new book of Common Prayer 1559
compromise
allowed everyone except most extreme protestants and Papists to participate in CofE
was a lot more of a compromise than the 1552 book of common prayer
allowed priests to state both that communion was an act of remembrance and the bread and wine were the body and blood of Christ
removed insulting references to the Pope
continuation of wearing Vestments linked to catholicism
recusants to pay a fine of one shilling for not attending Church
1559 Injunctions
established details of the Pattern of Worship
attacked certain Catholic practices whilst allowing others to continue (recognised importance of continuity)
needed to teach Royal Supremacy and go against Pope's authority of the Church
In the injunctions
forbade pilgrimages
forbade monuments (not all images to be destroyed)
links to iconoclasm in Edward's reign
preaching was to be licensed and there were strict conditions to get a license (had to have gone to cambridge or Oxford)
Economic gain of the religious settlement
regained control of First Fruits and Tenths
1559: Act of Exchange
gave Elizabeth the right to take over bishop's property whilst see was vacant
prevented bishops from renting out land for more than 21 years to anyone but the Queen
Elizabeth's religious beliefs and aims
approach to many controversial issues was vague and indirect
meant she was able to gain support of different sides
Would often let people speak for her
allowed her to distance herself from unpopular views
clear things
wanted to assert her own authority over the English Church
supported translation of Bible and Church Sermons in English
against superstition, use of icons and decoration of churches
approved of church music
welcomed small amounts of good preaching
comparison to Henry
she is best described in Henrician terms, as an evangelical
Henry accepted Catholic doctrine and rejected Catholic ritual
Elizabeth wanted reformed Protestant doctrine but Catholic ceremonies and structures
didn't like clerical marriages and wanted to keep catholic vestments
didn't want to disrupt the structure of the Church