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Yeast Hypergravity Growth Death, Electron Transfer Chain (Complex II…
Yeast
Hypergravity
Growth
Death
Electron
Transfer
Chain
Complex I
Features
Transfer Electron
Departure
NADH
Arrival
Ubiquinone
Electron Leakage
Sites
Flavin Moiety
Ubiquinone-Binding Site
Starting Point
Component
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
Ndi1
NADH dehydrogenase
Yeast
No Pump Protons
Overexpression
ROS Level Increase
Delta phi loss
Caspase independent apoptic phenotype
Depletion
Extend CLS
Complex II
Component
Succinate Dehydrogenase
Genes
SDH1
SDH2
SDH4
Yeast
Depletion
Decreased CLS
Features
Physical Link
ETC
Reduce Ubiquinone to Ubiquinol
TCA Cycle
Oxidize Succinate to Furmate
Relation with ROS
High Succinate Level
Reduce Flavin Concentration
Succinate
Bind the Complex
Reduce Reactive Potential
Occupy Access Site for Oxygen
Complex III
Complex IV
Complex V
Yeast Growth
Lag
Main Activity
Adapting to New Environment
Cell Number
Nearly No Change
Log
Main Activity
Cell Division
Cell Number
Exponential Growth
Stationary
Main Activity
Adjust metabolism
Cell Number
Nearly No Change
Dying
Main Activity
Die
Cell Number
Decrease
ROS
Detection
Agent
DCFH-DA
Protocol
https://www.abcam.com/ps/products/113/ab113851/documents/ab113851%20DCFDA%20Booklet_20181001_MSC%20v2a%20(website).pdf
Equipment
Fluorescent Spectrometer
Effect
Induce Apoptosis
Affect Homeostasis
Induce Autophagy
Production
Rely on Reverse Electron Transport
In Vivo Condition
Lower Succinate Concentration
Result not Significant
Mitochondrial Metabolism
Aging Process
Determine
RLS
Reproductive Potential
CLS
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Function
ATP Synthesis
Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
Formation
Reaction
Oxidative
Cofactors
Type
NAD
FAD
Function
Accept Reducing Equivalents
Hydrolytic
Chronological Aging
Definition
Viability
Quiescence Cell
Determining Protocol
Agent
Trypan Blue Dye
Cell Counting
Hemacytometer
Spectrometer