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Central Nervous System: Receives, processes and responds to all stimuli…
Central Nervous System
: Receives, processes and responds to all stimuli
Organs of the CNS
Brain
: hub for processing information
Blood Brain Barrier
: keeps harmful substances out of brain tissue
Capillaries
: a network of capillaries is in the brain supply the brain cells
Tight Junctions
: restrict the passage of solutes between blood and extracellular fluid in the CNS
Spinal Cord
: carries ascending and descending signals
Ascending Tracts
: carries sensory information to brain
Descending Tracts
: carry motor information to body
Anterior Roots
: Motor output, multipolar neurons
Posterior Roots
: sensory information, unipolar neurons
Posterior Root Ganglion
: somatic sensory and visceral sensory information go through it, collection of cell bodies
Cerebrum
: uppermost region of CNS, controls emotions, vision, hearing, personality, critical thinking, voluntary actions and more...
Precentral Gyrus
: controls body movement
primary motor cortex
: initiates voluntary movement
Postcentral Gyrus
: receives sensory information
primary somatosensory cortex
: conscious awareness, general sensory awareness from skin, joints, muscles...
Frontal Lobe
: Initiate voluntary movement (eye and speech), prefrontal- planning, decision making, memory, task management, problem solving, Broca's area
Parietal Lobe
: process sensory information, Wernicke's area, special awareness, primary somatosensory, conscious awareness of general somatic sensation
Temporal Lobe
: auditory and olfactory cortex, recognition, emotions and memories, language comprehension
Occipital Lobe
: primary visual cortex
Insula
: visceral sensory cortex, taste sensory cortex, gustatory cortex
White Matter Tracts
Association Tracts
: within same hemisphere
Commissural Tract
: information from one hemisphere to the other, i.e. corpus callosum
Projection Tract
: travel vertically, cortex to thalamus and back, and cortex to spinal cord and back
Diencephalon
: relays sensory information, controls autonomic functions, connects endocrine system to CNS, works with limbic system
Thalamus
: collection of nuclei, all sensory information is relayed through here (not olfaction)
Hypothalamus
: collection of nuclei, control/regulate autonomic nervous system, body temp, hunger/thirst, sleep/wake cycles, endocrine system, motivational behaviors, formation of memories, emotions
Epithalamus
: houses pineal gland, secretes melatonin
Brainstem
: sensory and motor information travels through, innervations of face and head, automatic behavior, auditory and visual reflexes
Midbrain
: involved with fight-flight behaviors, autonomic behaviors
Cerebral Peduncles
: tracts that carry signals from cortex to spinal cord, voluntary motor signals, pyramidal tracts
Corpora Quadrigemina
: auditory and visual reflexes
Superior Colliculi
: visual reflexes
Inferior Colliculi
: auditory reflexes
Pons
: brainstem to cerebellum
Pyramidal Tracts
: voluntary motor output to spinal cord
Reticular Formation Nuclei
: gray matter, autonomic responses, sleep and consciousness
Medulla Oblongata
: adjust heartbeat rate, regulates blood pressure and vasoconstriction, rate and rhythm of breathing
Pyramids
: initiates primary motor signals
Decussation of Pyramids
: crossing over of pyramidal fibers, cerebral hemispheres control opposite side of body
Cerebellum
: smooth and coordinate body movements, helps maintain equilibrium and posture
Cerebellar Peduncles
: connect cerebellum to brainstem
Superior Peduncle
: cerebellum to midbrain and back, efferent
Middle Peduncle
: Pons to cerebellum and back, voluntary movements, efferent
Inferior Peduncle
: medulla to spinal cord, medulla to cerebellum, proprioceptive signals from spinal core to cerebellum