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Science Revision (Classification and Microbiology (MRS GREN, Movement-All…
Science Revision
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Blood
Plasma-This is a pale liquid in which the blood cells float .; hormones from one part of the body to another
Red Cells-They do not have a nucleus and there are lots of them, they carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells
White Cells-They do have a nucleus. They protect the body from any harmful microorganism. Engulf and destroy.
Platelets-These are small pieces of cells, they do not have a nucleus, they clot blood at the site of the wound
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The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries
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Organs
Mouth-Here the food is chewed and moistened with saliva.The food is shaped into a round ball before it is swallowed
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Stomach-This is a bag that churns up the food.It contains gastric juice and hydrochloric acid.Gastric juice contains an enzyme that digests protein.The acid kills the germs
Small Intestine-This is a very long tube that the food passes into after it leaves the stomach.Here the food is completely digested and then it is absorbed through the walls and into the blood stream
Pancreas-This is a small leaf-shaped organ.It makes pancreatic juice which passes into the small intestine.This juice contains an alkali that helps to neutralise the acid from the stomach.It also contains several enzymes
Liver-This organ makes a chemical called BILE which is stored in a small bag called the GALL BLADDER.The bile is squeezed into the small intestine where it helps to break up large pieces of fat
Large Intestine-This is a wide tube that the undigested food passes through.Water is absorbed from this back into the body
Appendix-This organ has no function in humans but it helps with digestion of plant material in herbivores such as sheep.It sometimes becomes infected in humans and then it must be removed
Rectum-The dried out waste food material is stored here until it is ready to be passed out of the body through the anus
Forces
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What are balanced forces and when do they occur? - Balanced forces occur when forces are equal in size but opposite in direction - when something is stationary or moving at a constant speed.
What are unbalanced forces and when do they occur? - Unbalanced forces are forces that change in motion of and object - when there is acceleration or deacceleration.
How to calculate the resultant force? -Subtract the smaller force from the bigger force(always state the direction eg. right left)
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Terminal Velocity-Terminal Velocity occurs when the air resistance(sometimes called drag) force equals the weight of the falling object ,this means that the object is falling at a constant speed
Types of forces
Gravity Force(also know as weight)-This is the weight of an object, all objects upon earth experience a force of gravity that is directed downwards towards the centre of the earth
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Magnetic Force-it is the basic force responsible for such effects as the action of electric motors and the attraction of magnets for iron
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Spring Force-The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it
Applied Force-An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object
Air Resistance Force-The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air
Normal Force-The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object
Tension Force-The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends
Friction Force-The Friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it
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Digestive System
The body needs food for a number of reasons. We need food for growth and to repair worn out or damaged parts. We also get energy from food. Energy is used for movement, producing cells and to keep all of the parts working properly. Before the body heat can use the food we eat it must pass into the blood. The food is broken down into very small soluble molecules by the digestive system. These molecules then pass through the walls of the intestines and into the blood.
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Breathing
The lungs absorb oxygen gas and excrete waste carbon dioxide.The air is drawn in through the trachea (windpipe) which is kept open at all times by rings of a bony material called cartilage.The trachea divides into the right and left bronchus which branch out into narrower tubes called bronchioles.The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.The alveoli have very thin walls and are surrounded by capillaries.Here oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide passes into the alveoli
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Sound
Sound waves are longitudinal.They travel as vibrations.They are made up of compressions and rarefactions and are detected by our ear drums.These vibrations are converted to electrical signals in the cochlea.Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases but they can not travel through vacuums- this is because a vacuum has no air and sound needs matter for the vibrations to work in.
What do they travel fastest through ? They travel fastest through solids because there are more particles to move through.
Science Ninjas
L2: Prediction Ninjas
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L3: Measurement Ninjas
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Stop watch: measures time in seconds, minutes and hours
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L4: Safety Ninjas
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Safety Ninjas include:
- Identifying hazards and risks in the lab environment
- Coming up with ways to minimise these risks.
- Remembering hazard symbols and recalling the importance of them
Hazards Risks and Precautions:
Hazard - What could harm you?
Risks - How could the Hazard harm you?
Precautions - How can we avoid being harmed?
L5: Fire Ninjas
Bunsen Burners:
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Parts of a Bunsen Burner
- Heatproof mat
- Base
- Rubber tubing
- Collar
- Air Hole
- Chimney
- Flame inner core
- Flame outer core
Recap Safety Rules
- Desks clear
- Chairs and bags tucked away
- Long hair put up
- Ties off and in bags
- Safety glasses on at all times
- No sitting
- No running
- Pay attention to your station
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