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Stress and Health (Personality factors (Type B: more easygoing, slower to…
Stress and Health
Personality factors
Type B: more easygoing, slower to anger, not as competitive or driven, less likely to have health issues
Type C: tend to be pleasant and at peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones associated with cancer
Type A: workaholic, competitive, ambitious. hate to waste time, easily annoyed, more likely to have health issues
Type H: hardy personality, appear to be like Type A but less prone to heart disease, appear to thrive on stress due to sense of commitment, control, and seeing stressors as a challenge
Explanatory styles: optimists that expect positive outcomes, and pessimists expect negative
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Psychological factors
General adaptation syndrome: the sequence of physiological reactions the body goes through when adapting to a stressor
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Exhaustion: prolonged stress response coupled with depleted resources can lead to stress related diseases or death of the organism, if stressor is stopped, parasympathetic division is activated and body attempts to replenish resources
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Disease
Type 2 Diabetes: disease in which the body either becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels
Cancer: a collection of diseases that can affect any part of the body in which cancer cells divide without stopping
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Coping strategies: behavioral and psychological actions taken to master, tolerate, reduce or minimize the effect of stressors
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Emotion focused coping: involves changing the way a person feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor
Cognitive factors
Lazarus's cognitive mediational theory of emotion suggests an individual's appraisal of a stressor is a major factor in determining how stressful that stressor becomes
Primary appraisal: involves estimating severity of the stressor and classifying it as a threat, challenge, or loss already occured
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Stress is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral
responses to events that are appraised* as threatening or challenging.