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Alcohols (Reactions of alcohols (Oxidation of alcohols (• Primary and…
Alcohols
Properties of alcohols
Physical properties
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• Higher boiling point than alkanes: the –OH group allows alcohols to form hydrogen bonds as the OH is polar, and as hydrogen bonds are much stronger than London forces, in order to break them lots of energy is required – more energy than required to overcome the London forces in alkanes
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• As alcohols can form hydrogen bonds alcohols are very soluble, however solubility decreases down the group as the –OH group has a smaller influence due to the increased number of carbon atoms
Classifying alcohols
• Primary alcohols - the –OH group is attached to a carbon atom which is attached to two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl group
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Reactions of alcohols
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Oxidation of alcohols
• Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidised by an oxidising agent – usually mixture of K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4
• If the alcohol is oxidised the orange solution containing dichromate (VI) ions is reduced to a green solution containing chromium (III) ions
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