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Reproductive System (Anatomy of male reproductive system (Accessory Organ,…

- - - - Extends from the base of urinary bladder to the tip of the penis (7-8 inches long)
      - Carries both sperm and urine
      - Sperm enters ejaculatory tract
  - - - Produces a thick alkaline yellowish secretion (60% volume of semen)
      - Located at the base of the urinary bladder
      - Contains fructose and other substances that nourish and activate the sperm
    - - Secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm
      - Encircles the upper part of the urethra
      - Shape of chestnut and makes up 25% of semen.
    - - Also called cowpers gland
      - Located at the base of the penis below the prostate
      - Secrete an alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricates penis.
    - - Comma-shaped, tightly coiled
      - Found on the superior part of the testis and also posterior side lateral side.
      - Function to mature and store sperm cells
    - - Milky white, sticky mixture of secretions from many glands
      - Typical ejaculation releases 2-5ml
      - Inhibits bacterial multiplication
  - - - Tubular organ through which distal portion of urethra passes
      - Conducts urine to exterior
      - Delivers semen into female reproductive tract
    - - Divides sue of skin outside the abdomen that holds the testes
      - Maintains testes at 3C lower Than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability
      - Regulates temperature of testes for sperm viability
  - - - Capsule surrounding the testes
    - - extension of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into the lobules
    - - Each lobule contains one to four seminferous tubules
        
        Tightly coiled structures
        
        Function as sperm producing factories
      - Sertoli cells- Provide nutrients and supportive functiom
        
        empty sperm into rate testis
        
        Sperm travels through the retentions testis to the epididymis
      - Interstitial cells- Found surrounding seminiferous tubules produce androgens such testosterone
- - - - Suspensory Ligaments- Severe ovary to lateral walls of pelvis
      - Ovarian ligament- Attach to uterus
      - Broad Ligament- enclose suspensory ligament- Encloses suspensory ligament
    - - Process of producing ova or egg cells
      - Total supply of eggs are present at birth
      - Ends at menopause
      - Ovulation ability to release eggs begins at puberty
      - Oocytes are matured in developing ovarian cycles
  - - - Receive the ovulated oocyte
      - Provide a site of fertilization
      - Attached to medially to the uterus
      - Fertilization occurs inside the uterine tube.
      - Regions of Uterine tube
        
        Infundibulum- Open end is funnel-shaped , nor directly connect to ovary
        
        Fimbriae - Fingers-like projections at the distal end that draws the ovum into the uterine tube
    - - Located between the urinary bladder and rectum
      - Hollow organ
      - Functions of Uterus
        
        Receive of the uterus
        
        Retain fertilized eggs
        
        Nourishes the fertilized the egg
      - Support and Regions of uterus
        
        Broad ligament- attached to pelvis
        
        Round ligament- Anchor interiorly
        
        Vterosacral ligament- Anchored posteriorly
        
        Body- Main portion
        
        Fundus- area where uterine tube enters
        
        Uterosacral ligament - anchored posteriorly
      - Walls of uterus
        
        Endometrium
        
        Inner layer
        
        Allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
        
        Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs during menses
        
        Myometrium-middle layer of smooth muscle
        
        Perimetrium- Outer visceral peritoneum
    - - Extends from cervix to exterior body
      - Behind bladder and in front of rectum
      - Serves as brith canal
      - Hymen- Partially closes the vagina till ruptured
    - - Mons Pubis- Fatty pad overly the pubic are, covered by pubic hair
      - Labia- Skin folds around vaginal opening
      - Labia Majora-Outer fold
      - Labia major-Inner fold
      - Vestibule
        
        Enclosed by labia majora
        
        Contains the opening to the urethra and greater vestibular gland
      - Clitoris
        
        Contains erectile tissue
        
        Corresponds to the male penis
    - - Found in both but ceases in male
      - Modified sweat glands
      - Responsible for milk production after birth by hormone prolactin
- - - - Extends from the beginning of mestration until ovulation
    - - triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen
    - - When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum
  - - - Decline in estrogen and progesterone
      - Bleeding last 3-5 days
    - - Day 6-14 estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium causing to thicken and implantation occurs
    - - Day 15-28 in response to rising levels of progesterone by corpus lute, uterus becomes ready for pregnancy