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The Anthropocene (Intro Arguments (There are multiple origin stories of…

- - - - How?
        
        Contested ideas
        not explored
        
        Traditional conservation: conservation that returns environments to earlier conditions will ensure biodiversity levels increase
        
        the world is fundamentally changed and can not return to an earlier state.
        
        Neo-liberal free market:
        beneficial management of the planet for biodiversity can occur within a free market if they account for the benefits and consequences.
        
        Half earth:
        Half the world can be managed for human use, the other for biodiversity
        
        Care for Country:
        
        Dona Haraway, Make kin. That is to reduce the otherness of plants and animals. "Kin-making is making persons, not necessarily as individuals or as humans."
        
        Otherness reduced, combined
        
        relational ontologies
        
        Nature/Human Dualism removed
        
        Chthulu (2015) Chthulucene. named after Chthonic, that of which is underneath and lending itself to the spirits or deities of the underworld. that all life is connected with life yet out of temporality and spaciality.
        
        Perceptual Changes
        
        Agency, that all living beings have agency....
        
        Culture is no longer human alone, it is entwined with nature.
        
        Time is mixed within the Anthropocene. changes from the past will come as damages from the future.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Compost - we are not alone and independent but symbiotic with much more around us. part of the earth
        
        Post-human -- donna haraway is against the term as it isolates humanity, thus compost
        
        Assemblages, From Gilles Deleuze
        Dewsbury JD (2011) The Deleuze-Guattarian assemblage: Plastic habits. Area 43: 148–153.
        
        Cyborg from Donna Harraway but
        Haraway DJ (2008) When Species Meet. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
        
        Raising others to human....
        x-morphisms - Latour (2014) where it discussess the morphing of other, such as anthropo, bio, phusi... giving agency to that which does not...
        bringing humans to others
        compositionism from Latour's Nature
        Latour B (2010) An attempt at a ‘compositionist manifesto’. New Literary History 41: 471–490.
        
        Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987) concept of the rhizome
        
        Nature is not pure, untouched and in balance
        
        Anna Tsing in a 2015 paper called “Feral Biologies”
        
        entangled but Tim ingold (2008)
        
        multispecies entanglements - Author unknown..
        
        Humans as connected to objects and materiality
        
        Bruce Braun (2008) ‘inventive life’ also talks about the connections and co-becoming in Environmental issues: Inventive life. Progress in Human Geography 32: 667–679.
        
        Material vibrancy. Vital Materialism with Jane Bennett (2010) that highlight the togetherness of humans with otherness
        
        More-than-Human with Sarah Watmore, 2006
        
        ‘multinatural’ (Bingham and Hinchliffe, 2008)
      - For Whom
        
        For whom raises ethical issues and requires significant discussion. however action is also required as the damages are accumulating
        
        the recognition of nature’s intrinsic values must be connected to the motives of actual people. Not what people ought to do but what people actually do. More than moral judgements.
        
        The gardener selects the weeds.
        
        For flourishing of life, all life.
        
        Focus on plants
        
        Plants as a connected ecology. an ecosystem, a place.
      - Anna Tsing in a talk https://youtu.be/FkZSh8Wb-t8?t=2677
        44:30 When you start regarding the world as a plantation, the kinds of ecologices that plantations create, (the kind that are completely outside of our control), will go feral?
- - - - The Plantationocene is the term that highlights the agricultural effects occurring globally. this includes the slave gardens,
      - Plantationocene dictates the biospheric transformations of this millennial age.
      - "Plantationocene for the devastating transformation of diverse kinds of human-tended farms, pastures, and forests into extractive and enclosed plantations, relying on slave labor and other forms of exploited, alienated, and usually spatially transported labor." p162 haraway
      - Slave Gardens
        
        slave gardens not only provided crucial human food, but also refuges for biodiverse plants, animals, fungi, and soils. Slave gardens are an underexplored world, especially compared to imperial botanical gardens, for the travels and propagations of myriad critters.
  - - - The chthulucene is a turn away from humans as the only dominating force towards the destruction of the beginign and the kinship with all earth bound life ends
      - The chthonic ones, the entangled, ongoing, generative and destructive beings of the Earth
        
        reaffirming ourselves as, in, of and for the Earth. a term that suggests the multispecies becomings that make up the storied histories of human and nonhuman lives
    - - Due to the unevenness some call it the capitolcene, to focus the problem not with all of humanity evenly but for the destructive powers specifically
      - Andreas Malm’s and Jason Moore’s