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(disorders / STDs (heroes- caused by virus treated but not cured, sores…
disorders / STDs
heroes- caused by virus treated but not cured, sores blisters fever and headache
genital warts- caused by virus, warts, itching, located internally somethings female
syphilis- caused by bacteria , cured with antibiotics , spread by vagainal semen sores, fluids connect with genitals lips mouth rectum and eyes, sysmtopms are pain, sore and rash, fever headache loss appetite , lead to death
aids- caused by virus, mother to child, no cure but treatable , fever fatigue ,swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, infections
crabs- caused by parasite, treated why shampoo or cream, itching, direct connect with lice
Gonorrhea- caused by bacteria, mother to child sexual contact, mouth, throat, rectum, yellow discharge, burning , pain, bleeding , cramps, nausea or fever
trichomoniasis- caused by parasite, common in women, itching , burning, painful, unpleasant discharge, inflamed head of penis , treated oral medication
chlamydia- caused by bacteria, most common std, cured, yellowish discharge , burning, bleeding during urination, itching, fever, pain
major functions of reproductive system
reproduction- process by which new individuals (offspring) of a species are produced
fertilization- fusion of egg and sperm produces a zygote
sexual reproduction - reproduction involving two (make and female) parents
functions in production of female gamete (ovum or egg) and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
female hormone cycle
ovulation
day 14, triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in the pituitary gland, graafian follicle releases the oocyte , slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temp to rise about .4-.6
luteal phase
day 15-18, follicle expels the oocyte the empty shell becomes corps lute, secrets progesterone some estrogen and inhibit which suppresses FSH, absence of pregnancy corpus lute becomes corpus albicans causing the decrease in progesterone and estrogen ,pregnancy occurs the corpus lute continues to secret progesterone and estrogen
follicular phase
day 1-14, extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation, FSH causes follicular calls develop into primary follicle, follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle, only one follicle becomes grafian follicle
anatomy of reproductive system structures
Male
bulbourethral gland
also known as coopers gland, located at the base of the penis below the prostate, secrete an alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricates ones for penetration
scrotum
divided sac of skin outside the abdomen that holds the testes, maintains testes at 3c lower than normal body temp to protect sperm viability,regulates temp of testes for sperm viability
penis
tubular organ through which distal portion of urethra passes, conducts urine to exterior, delivers semen into female reproductive tract
prostate gland
secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm, encircles the upper part of the urethra, shape os chestnut and makes up 20% of semen
seminal vesicle
produces a thick,alkaline, yellowish,secretion, located at the base of the urinary bladder, contains fructose, vitamin C, and other substances that nourish and activate the sperm
semen
milky white , sticky mixture of secretions from many glands, provide transport medium for sperm, inhibits bacterial multiplication , ejection semen, typical ejaculation
Vas deferens
carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct , moves sperm peristalsis. passes through the inguinal canal and over the urinary bladder
urthrea
carries both sperm and urine, sperm enters from the ejaculatory, extends from base of urinary bladder to tip of penis (7-8in)
Epididymis
functions to mature and stere sperm cells , found on the super part of the testis and also posterior lateral side
female
vagina
behind bladder and infant of rectum, receives the ends during sexual intercourse, serves as birth canal , extends from cervis to exterior of body, hymen-partically closers the vaginal until is ruptured
external genitalia
mons pubis- fatty pad overly the pubic area covered by pubic hair after puberty
labia-skin folds around the vaginal opening
labia majora- outer fold
labia minora- inner fold
vestibule- contains opening to the urethra and greater vestibular glands or bartholins gland
clitoris- erectile tissue and corresponds to male penis
walls of uterus
endometrium- inner layer; myometrium- middle layer of smooth muscle; perimetric- outer visceral peritoneum
mammary gland
found in both sexes but ceases to develop in males, modified sweat glands ,responsible for milk production after birth by the hormone prolactin
regions of uterus
body- main portion; fundus- area where uterine tube enters; cervix- narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina or opening into the uterus
support for uterus
brand ligament- attached to the pelvis; round ligament - anchor interiorly; uterosacral ligament - anchored posteriorly
uterus
located between the urinary bladder and rectum, hallow organ , receive, retain, and nourishes the fertilized egg
uterine (fallopian tube)
receive the ovulation oocyte, provide a site for fertilization, attached medially to the uterus
regions of uterine tube
infundibulum- open end in funnel shaped not directly connected to ovary
fimbrace- finger like projection at the distal end that draws the ovum into the uterine tube
cillid inside the uterine tube slowly move the oocyte towards the uterus
hormones
male
testosterone - stimulates reproductive organ department and sex drive , causes sexual characteristics
inhibin- released by testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release stimulates hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone
GnRH- released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate other pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
FSH- at puberty stimulates sertoli cells for sperm production and maturation , release by anterior pituitary in the brain
GnIH- stop production to LH and FSh
LH- stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone, release by anterior pituitary in the brain
female
GnRH-released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
FSH- stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
LH- spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle ( only one )
Inhidin- decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
estrogen- primary female sex hormone released by follicle
progesterone - triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRh, stimulates the development and growth of the lining of the uterine wall to get ready for implantation