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Biotechnology (Traditional Biotechnology (Other foods discovered include:,…

- - - - DNA: the material stored in a cell's nucleus that contains genetic material
      - Enzymes: molecules made by cells that accelerate chemical reactions
      - Bacteria: no nucleus and multiplies quickly
      - Plasmids: sections of DNA where new genes can be easily inserted, and it is found in yeast and bacteria
      - Viruses: need a host to reproduce
      - Yeasts: a fungus with a nucleus that multiplies quickly
- - - - A culture medium is an environment that has all the elements that will allow for cell growth. The following are the things that need to be controlled in a culture medium:
        
        Water level
        
        Nutrient composition
        
        Mineral level
        
        Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
        
        Temperature
        
        pH
        
        Amount of light
    - - Lag Phase: slow growth of cells as they adapt to their new environment
      - Exponential Growth Phase (or Log Phase): rapid division of cells as they consume the nutrients in the medium
      - Stationary Phase: production of new cells as old ones die off
      - Death Phase: decrease of cell number as nutrients or space in the medium runs out, or waste is accumulated
  - - - Benefits: protection against disease, lower infant mortality rate, eradication of disease
      - Concerns: unpleasant side effects, risk of resistant side effects, risk that weakened agent could become virulent again
- - - - A genetically modified organism. GMOs can equal improved plants (resistance to herbicides, delayed ripening, etc.) improved nutritional properties (quality of oils, reductions of allergic effects, etc.) and modifications on animals (increased growth rate, less harmful manure, etc.)
    - - Genetic transformation method (live vaccine): genetic transformation of infectious agent, culture of modified agent, addition of agent to pharmaceutical products
      - Genetic transformation method (inactive vaccine): introduction of a gene causing production of desired antigens in microorganism, culture of modified microorganism, isolation of antigen, addition of agent to pharmaceutical products
    - - A process where food is heated for a period of time to destroy harmful microorganisms, for example, milk, crea, and wine. It provides healthier food, improved shelf life, and preservation of the natural properties of food.
    - - Through ovarian stimulation, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and microinjection (with IVF)
    - - Stem cels are found in blood, bone marrow, and embryos, and can be used (through division) to transform into a variety of organs and tissues (Specialized cells.)