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Reproductive system (male reproductive structure (gonads (testes- (males…

- - - - males primary sex organ - produces sperm
  - - - external genitalia -penis,scrotom
  - - - septa- extension of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules
- - - - females primary sex organ - produces ova or eggs
- - - - follicular phase days 1-14 extends from the beginning of menstration until ovulation , FSH causes follicular develop into primary follicle , follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle , only one follicle become graafian follicle
      - ovulation phase day 14 - trriggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pittuitary gland , graafian follicle releases the oocyte, slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temp. to rise about 0.4-0.6 F
      - luteal phase- day 15-28- when follicle expells the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum , corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen and inhibin which suppresses FSH, In the absence of pregnancy, corpus luteum because corpus albicans causing the decrease in progesterone and estrogen.
  - - - menstruation day 1-5, decline of estrogen and progesterone and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die , and are sloughed off or shed , bleeding last for 3-5 days
      - proliferative phase day 6-14, estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness, thicking of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
      - secretory phase day 15-28, in response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy , uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs , if pregnancy does not occur towards the end of phase, LH levels drop due to high levels of progesterone , progesterone levels drop following decline in LH , leading into menstrual phase
- - - - stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
    - - at puberty stimulates sertoill cells for sperm production and maturation
    - - released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
    - - relased by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
    - - stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive
    - - released by the testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release stimulates hypothalamus to release gonudotropin inhibiting hormone GnIH to stop production of LH and FSH
  - - - GnRH - released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
    - - stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
    - - spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one)
    - - decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
    - - primary female sex hormone released by follicle
    - - triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH