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Reproductive System (Anatomy of Reproductive Structure (Male (Sperm (Head:…

- - - - Head: contains nucleus with DNA inside.
      - Acrosome: anterior portion of head, contains enzyme needed for penetration of the female egg
      - Mid piece: contains mitochondria that provide energy for journey through the female reproductive system
      - Flagella: only human cell with a tail
    - - Function as sperm-producing factories
      - Sertols cells: provide nutrients and supportive function
      - Tightly coiled structures
      - Empty sperm into the testis
    - - carries sperm from the epididyms to the ejaculatory duct
      - passes through the inguinal canal and over the urinary bladder
      - Moves sperm by foward movement
    - - extends from the base of urinary bladder to the tip of penis
      - carries both sperm and urine
      - sperms enters from the ejaculatory duct
    - - produces a thick yellowish secretion
      - contains fructose, vitamin C, and other substances that nourish and activate the sperm
    - - secretes a milkly fluid that helps activate sperm
      - encircles the upper part of urethra
      - shape of chestnut and makes up 25% of semen
  - - - outer cortex houses developing female gamete, the oocyte, within follicles
      - inner medulla contains loose connective tissue with large blood vessels and nerves
    - - recieves the ovulated oocyte
      - fertilization occurs inside the uterine tube
    - - extends from cervix to exterior of the body
      - behind bladder and in front of rectum
      - recieves the penis during sexual intercourse
      - serves as birth canal
- - - - Day 1-14
      - Extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
      - FSH causes follicular cells to develop into primary follicle
      - Follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
      - Only one follicle becomes Graafian follicle
    - - Day 14
      - Triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
      - Slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal temperature to rise.
    - - Day 15-28
      - When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes Corpus Luteum
      - It secretes progestorone, some estrogen, and inhibin which suppresses FSH
  - - - Day 1-5
      - Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed
      - Bleeding lasts for 3-5 days
    - - Day 6-14
      - Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
      - Thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
    - - Day 15-28
      - Uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
      - In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum the unterus becomes ready pregnancy
- - - - Most common STD
      - caused by bacteria
      - Four million new cases occur each year
      - can be cured by antibiotic
      - Male symptoms:
        
        painf and swelling in testicles
        
        burning and itching around urethral opening of penis
        
        low grade fever due ti inflammation of testicles or epididymis
        
        discharge from the penis and burning during urination
      - Female symptoms
        
        lower pelvic or abdominal pain
        
        bleeding between menstrual periods
        
        white or grey vaginal discharge or burning during urination
        
        low grade fever due to infection as infection progresses
        
        No symptoms
    - - Spread from close sexual contact
      - can be spread from mother to chld during childbirth
      - Male symptoms
        
        Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis
        
        burning or pair when urinating
        
        frequent urination
        
        swollen testicles
      - Female symptoms
        
        yellow or white discharge from the vagina
        
        may be burning or pain when urinating
        
        bleeding bewteen periods and heavier or more painful periods
        
        cramps or pain in lower abdomen
        
        nausea or fever
    - - goes symptomless for years
      - spreads from person to person through direct contact with syphilis sore, semen, or vaginal fluids
      - symptoms
        
        can turn into copper-colored skin rashes on hand and feet or cover the entire body.
        
        painful sores at point of contact called chancres
  - - - cant be cured but can be treated with antiviral medication
      - male symptoms: small sores or cluster of blisters on penis
      - Caused by a herpes virus
      - Female symptoms
        
        fever and headaches
        
        blisters in or around the vagina
    - - associated with cervical cancer in females
      - no cure but prevent through vaccination
      - Symptoms
        
        warts look like tiny cauliflowers
        
        may cause itching, brining but most often do not cause pain
        
        warts may not be detected in females because they are located internally
    - - spread through sexual intercourse but can be passed by sharing needles or from mother to baby through childbirth or breastfeeding
      - no cure only treatment
      - symptoms
        
        no symptoms until immune system is activated
        
        fever, fatigue
        
        swollen lymph nodes
        
        weight loss
    - - caused by a parasite that looks like crabs
      - spread through direct contact with lice even through bedding or clothing
      - Symptoms: persisting itching around area