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Ramos Carmen per.5 Reproductive System (Anatomy of all major male and…
Ramos Carmen per.5 Reproductive System
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Reproduction: process by which new individuals(offspring) of a species are produced.
Sexual reproduction - reprod. involving two (male and female) parents; offspring is genetically different than parent (as opposed to asexual reprod. which consists of a single parent making a genetically identical offspring.)
Female reproductive system: Functions in production of female gamete (ovum or egg) and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy.
Male reproductive system: produce and disseminate a large quantity of male gamete.
formation of gametes
The formation of gametes come from a sperm and egg.
Sperm(spermatogenesis): Sperms are made through spermatoctye. It then undergoes Meiosis 1 which splits into two secondary spermatocyte which are haploid. Each having a duplicate chromatid within.Them, the spermatocytes undergoes Meiosis 2 which makes ALL cells haploid. Having 23 chromosomes. These spermatids will mature into sperm.
Egg(Oogenesis): The creation of the egg goes through a similar experience as Sperm. First they are made from an oocyte, however, after Meiosis 1, the cytoplasm divides unevenly; with one cell having most of the cytoplasm as the other doesn't. The one with the most cytoplasm is then the secondary oocyte. The other cell then becomes its polar body. Both cells are haploids as all chromosomes duplicate. After Meiosis 2, the cytoplasm again is divided unevenly and most of it going to an ootid. The ootid will turn into a mature ovum.
The egg and sperm will then soon combine. Haploid set of chromosomes from sperm go into the egg, and then the two sets of chromosomes combine, thus, creating a zygote(diploid) which would turn to an offspring.
hormones of the reproductive system and their regulation
Leutinizing Hormone(LH):stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone. [male] / For women, it triggers ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one).
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - at puberty stimulates Sertoli cells for sperm prod. and maturation [male]/ For women stimulates development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle.
Gonadotropin(GnRH): stimulate anterior pituitary gland to relase LH and FSH.
Testosterone(male and female): Stimulates reprod. organ development and sex drive(male and female) Is also used for male reprod. function.
Inhibin: to stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) to stop prod. of LH and FSH.[male]/ For women, decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary.
Estrogen: stimulates growth of uterus, vaginal, necessary for ovum maturation.Low levels causes release of FSH. High levels cause release of LH and GnRH. Thickening of uterine wall. Onset of menstrual cycle.
Progesterone: triggers H. Stimulates development and growth of the lining of uterine wall to get ready for implantation. Prepares mammary glands for lactation. Helps maintain pregnancy.
Anatomy of all major male and female reproductive structures
Testes(Primary sex organ)
Sperm (male gamete)
Ductus system (delivery of male gamete(sperm)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens (Vas deferens)
Urethra
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
External genitalia
Penis
Scrotum
Female</> Male
Ovaries
Puctus system (delivery of female gamete)
Uterine(fallopian) tube
Uterus
Vagina
External genitalia - [mon pubis/ labial/ vestibule/ clitoris
Tunica albunginea
Septa
Events of the female hormonal cycles(3)
Proliferative phase [6-14]: Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness. Thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation.
Secretory phase [Day 15-28]: In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, uterus becomes ready for pregnancy. Uterine glands enlarge and secret nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs. If pregnancy does not occur, towards the end of phase, LH levels drop due to high levels of progesterone. Progesterone levels drop following decline in LH, leading into menstrual phase.
Menstruation: Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed. [Day 1-5]
Disorders of the reproductive system[STDs and STIs]
STDs:
Parasitic
Scabies, Pubic lice,crabs trichonomiasis,
Bacterial(germ)
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Yeast Infection
Viral(Particle)
Genital Warts
HIV
Genital Herpes
Hepatitis B
STD is a sexually transmitted disease. While STI is sexually transmitted infection.STIs can be caused by bacteria or viruses.
STI
Herpes
Hepatitis B
HPV(Human papilloma virus)
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Syphilis