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First 5 Presidents (John Adams (XYZ Affair: Confrontation between the US…
First 5 Presidents
John Adams
XYZ Affair: Confrontation between the US and France which led to the Alien and Sedition Acts which made it harder to become a citizen and limited speech rights which was very controversial since some people thought it went against the Bill of Rights.
Federalist vs Jeffersonian Republicans: Federalist wanted a strong central government with weaker state government and a looser interpretation of the Constitution where as the Jeffersonians wanted strong state government and weak central government with a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Midnight Appointments: Just before Jefferson took office Adams appointed some Supreme Court justices including John Marshall who was there for the next 34 years.
John Marshall: Was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and involved in many cases such as Marbury v. Madison
Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions:Political statements which said that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional. Went against Federalist government which was the start of the decline of the Federalists.
George Washington
Whiskey Rebellion: This was a rebellion that was over the tax that was placed on whiskey after the US Constitution was put in place. Washington led the army and the rebellion instantly stopped which showed the power of having a federal government
Hamilton's Economic Plan: It was for the government to assume all of the state debts which would give them some control over the states and allow them to pout federal taxes in place.
Ratification of the Bill of RIghts: This happened in 1791 and Washington had called for it in his first inaugural address. It guaranteed basic rights to protect the citizens of the nation and is still in place today.
Election of 1788-79: Washington was running against Adams and Washington was unanimously elected since he was already very popular and Adams became the first vice president.
Farewell Address: In washington's farewell address, he warned the nation to not get involved in foreign alliances and to avoid forming political parties within the nation
James Madison
Hartford Convention: Series of meetings in the east where the federalists were discussing the grievances that came as a result of the war. It happened when the Treaty of Ghent was already signed
Treaty of Ghent: was written in the end of 1814 and since it took time for the news to get to the US, they were unaware and had the Hartford Convention
War of 1812: It was war between the Britain and the US for the second time in less than 35 years. It was fought over because the US ships were being captured and they wanted maritime rights.
Despite writing the majority of the Federalist papers, he became a republican along with Jefferson and his policies reflected that during his presidency.
Throughout his presidency he carried on Jefferson's policies to lower taxes and to try and lower the national debt.
Thomas Jefferson
Embargo Act: An embargo placed on foreign nations which stopped US trading with those countries and the US economy was absolutely devestated by it and it led to the War of 1812.
The Barbary pirates captured US crew members on their ships around Europe and demanded that the US pay a ransom but Jefferson refused to pay the ransoms.
Political Philosophy: Jefferson believed in having strong state government with a weaker central government and very strict interpretaion of the Constitution whereas Adams was the complete opposite. They were said to have hated one another.
Lousiana Purchase: Jefferson bought 827000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi for only $15 million from Napoleon which was an absolute steal and led to westward expansion and Manifest Destiny.
Jefferson policies and downsizing of the army and navy, especially the embargo act led to the War of 1812 which pitted the US against Britain again but he wasn't in office when it happened though many people believe that he caused it
James Monroe
Era of Good Feeling: After the war of 1812, the whole nation had a sense of national purpose and unity after beating Britain in the war of 1812 marking the second victory over the British
Monroe Doctrine: Monroe wrote this to tell the Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemisphere and the US would stop any nation that tried to come over and colonize a latin american country
In the election of 1816, Monroe was the republican candidate and since the Federalist party was falling apart as a result of the Hartford Convention making it easy for Monroe to win the election
In 1819, he bought Florida from Spain for $5 million which helped the territory of the US expand. Also, he facilitated a lot of westward expansion
Drafted the Missouri Compromise in 1820 which prevented slavery north of the 36 30 line which was the start of the split between the North and South. It was the start of the path to the Civil War.