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FIRST 5 PRESIDENTS (Adams 2 (XYZ Affair/ Alien Sedition Act/ Virginia &…
FIRST 5 PRESIDENTS
Adams 2
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John Marshall
Madison v Marbury- judicial review (Adams made Marbury justice but gave Marshall commission who gave it to Madison to deliver, when Jefferson became president he forbade Madison to deliver
decided laws against Constitution were void, judicial branch equal to legislative and executive
Jefferson 3
Louisiana Purchase
Spain gave New Orleans to French, Jefferson wanted it bc of strategic location at mouth of Mississippi for trade, sent Monroe and since Napoleon was gearing for war in Europe and had slave revolts in Haiti, he sold all of LP for $15 million
Barbary Pirates
had to pay Barbary pirates (Mediterranean coast of North Africa) for them to stop attacking American ships
Embargo Act
bc of British and French harassment of American ships, Jefferson passed this to shut down America's import and export business, disastrous economic results
led to Democratic Republicans losing Congressional seats in 1808 elections. NonIntercourse Act of 1809 recopened trade with most nations but officially banned with Britain and France
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Washington 1
Whiskey Rebellion
lingering resentment for backcountry farmers towards coastal elite, represented class tensions between inland farmers and coastal elites, showed new power of government
farmers resisted an excise tax on whiskey (Hamilton imposed to raise revenue to defray debt incurred by Revolution), Washington sent militia to disperse rebels
Hamilton's Economic Plan
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proposed National Bank to help regulate economy (vetoed by Washington), wanted broad constructionists positions (creation of a bank was an implied power)
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Madison 4
War of 1812
Macon's Bill No. 2 reopened trade with France and England, Madison decided only one would get to trade and it was French, French continued harassment of American ships and Britain attacked bc of new embargo
War Hawks (lead by Henry Clay and John C Calhoun) wanted war and pressures from them caused Madison to declare
Native Americans aligned with British (Tecumseh chief), Americans were ill-prepared, when English French hostilities ended (Napoleon lost), British negotiated peace, Treaty of Ghent but Andrew Jackson fought and won Battle of New Orleans
Hartford Convention
Federalists opposed war because disrupted trade, met in Hartford, Conneticut, to discuss failure of Constitution, many seen as traitors after war
grievances: 2/3 majority of Congress should be required to pass laws dealing with trade AND admit new states, no president can serve for more than 4 years, 2 presidents in a row cannot come from same state
Monroe 5
Era of Good Feeling
overall dismissal of Federalists left one political party (Democratic Republicans), so period of unity is this era
McCulloch v Maryland: states couldn't tax National Bank, establishing precendance of national law over state law
Monroe Doctrine
policy of mutual noninterference, claimed America's right to intervene anywhere in Western Hemisphere if it felt its security was threatened