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Radioactivty (Alpha particles (Large mass, Move slowly, Carry a double pos…
Radioactivty
Alpha particles
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- Carry a double pos chargge and may be represented as 42 He
- Low penetrating power- stopped by a sheet of paper
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- Amercium-241 emits alpha particles. Used in smoke alarms, not harmful as wont penetrate the skin but if ingested or inhaled can be harmful
- Groups of 2 protons & neutrons stuck together
Gamma rays
- Unstable nucleus emits gamma radiation in order to lose surplus energy
- Very high penetrating ability. Only stopped by thick slab of lead
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- Most dangerous type of radiation
- High energy electromagnetic radiation
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Beta particles
- Electron then emitted in the form of beta particles
- Faster than alpha particles as much lighter
- Neutron in unstable nucleus is turned into proton & electron
- Carbon-14 emits beta particles used in carbon dating
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Nuclear reaction
- Process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus
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- Nuclear radiation is released
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Radioactivity
- Spontaneous breaking up of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation- Henri Becquerel
Radiation
- Discovered through electric & magnetic fields
Half life
- Time taken for half of the nuclei in any given sample to decay
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uses- Radiocarbon dating
- Technique used to determine the age of an object containing carbon. Based on the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the object