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EWS-Foreign Policy 1912-20 x (The 14 points (3 Catagories (Next 8 self…
EWS-Foreign Policy 1912-20 x
The 14 points
3 Catagories
first 5 considered the orderly relations between countries
no secrety agreements all dipolomacy need be above board
Next 8 self determination
boarders re drawn due to the wishes of the pupulation
Restoration of Alsace Lorraine to France
renewed garuntees fro Beligian independance
14 th point Lwague of Nations
international organisation for peackeeping and mutual co-opertaion wich all signatories of the treaty should join
The settement of peace was never fully basedon the 14 points as ideas such as self-determinations couldn't please everyone
Wilson won the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize
The Peace settlement
Peace conference
Paris Janurary 1919
Wilson went to paris himslef the first time a president left the US while in office
Gambled with his own health due to stokes and signes of extream stree, paranoia and 18 hour days worried about French spies
He based the agreement on fairness and morals but did not reciee a sympathetic audience
Most decisions were made by the big 3 : USA Britian and France
The war on the Western front was mostly on French soil and therefore the French wanted a harsh settlemetnt
never again to be invaded
to reconstruct the country
to weaken Germany
British leader was David Lloyd George
Saw the problems that could arrise from the harsh treatment of Germany
British population wanted revenge
Wilson wanted acceptance of the League of Nations
He would compromise oer other issues ue self-determination and German war Guilt
Wilson was not totally symapthetic to Germany as he disliked their militanism
Germany should be punished in a way that would lead to European reconciliation not revenge
The USA and the League of Nations
A document condeming the League of nations was signed by 37 republican senators because :
Wilson had decided against the Doctors in a tour of the USA September 1919
He was followed by his opponents against he Leauge of Nation speeches
37 speeches in 2 days
In Colorado he collapsed
Wilson refused to compromise
the middles and strong reservationists were not totally opposed to the League of Nations and were open to negotiations
Lodge proposed a compromise bill in senate that WIlson told the Democrats to oppose and therefore failed
USA by 1920
Economy
By the 1920's the USA was the most powerful nation in the world, Economicallt and industrialy
Due to the impact of WW1 by 1918 the US was the worlds leading economy
the war in europe badly effcected the economys of leading countries ie Britian France and Germany
The countries at war bought much needed supplies from the US
American Bankers inested in Europe and made money one the economies recovered in 1920
Countries a war borrowed huge sums from America
European countries were unable to maintian their overseas exports during the war
US overtook European oerseas markets ie oertook Germany as the leading producer of fertilisers and chemicals
technological advances and mechanism meant the USA lead the world in new tech
By 1920 the US produced and consumed 70% of the worlds oil and the Great Plains were used to supply the world with 1/3 of it wheat and over 2/3 of its corn
Standard of liing in America was greater than any of the European counterparts
Negatives
Wealth unevenly distributed
industrial workers at the mercy of large business who refused negotiations for working hours and pay
Low wages = slum areas of towns
Small farmers struggled to compete with large enterprises and universal competition
Society
Although America appeared dierse at the core was the white ancestors
1st 2 decades of the 20th c saw waves of immegration and the reality was poverty and exploitation
society unlike any other in the world but aggrivated racial tensions
divided and unequal society
African Americans and Native Americans seen as second class citizens
Politics
expansion of the role of the gov and preisdent during the progressive era ie Roosevelt
regulation of business finance and social reform
remianed limited due to many Americans esp congress still favouring laissez-faire with indiidual liberty
World affairs had moved away from isolationism with the WW1
Preailing mood was that by 1920 people wanted far less involvment esp in Europe and a return to isolationism