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Endomembrane system (Include: (Nuclear Envelope (= Double membrane,…
Endomembrane system
Include:
= Double membrane, penetrated by pores
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Nuclear Pore
Proteins synthesised in the cytoplasm that are targeted fro the nucleus contain a nuclear localisation signal (NLS)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough ER
network of membranes nearest the nucleus, studded with ribosomes engaged in protein synthesis
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Smooth ER
Surface lacks ribosomes, more distantly located from the nucleus
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Testes, ovaries, liver and muscle cells: Rich in smooth ER
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N- linked glycosylation
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Addition of N- glycan can enhance solubility and stability - create labels and targets for specificity
Golgi apparatus
Cis face receives vesicles containing ER products, while the trans face dispatches vesicles
Vesicle from ER adds its membrane and lumen contents to the cis face by fusing with the Golgi membrane
Trans face gives rise to vesicles, which pinch off and travel to their sites
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Lysosomes
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Function
Digestion of macromolecules:Phagocytosis, Endocytosis + Autophagy
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ER protein sorting
Eukaryotes = spherical transport vesicles move proteins move proteins and lipids from one internal membrane-bound compartment to another within the secretory pathway
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First step of the secretory pathway = ER to Golgi transport proteins that need to go to golgi are packaged into a vesicle which takes them there