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Charles Handling of Religion (Moriscos (Castilian Moriscos forced to…
Charles Handling of Religion
Church Reform
Energetic movement for monastic reform such as the Ignatius de Loyola's foudnation of the Jesuit religious order of monks and St Teresa of Avila's reform of the Carmelite religious order of nuns
Reformist Bishops lime the Archbishops of Toledo and Granada determinedly enforced religious reforms within their dioceses
University of Alacala was a hot house of reform- humanists like Pedro de Lerma and Juan de Vergara established Alcala as one of the great centres of scholarship in Europe- polyglot- church approved Vulgate Latin Edition for scholars
Charles urged Pope to summon council of the Catholic church to discuss need for revitalisation and reform- eventually produced Decrees of the Council of Trent which established a vigorous counter reformation Catholic Church
Moriscos
Castilian Moriscos forced to convert in 1502 following uprising in Sierra Nevada mountains of Granada- sincerity doubted but as long as they worked hard and paid their taxes and did not seek to undermine Old Christian faith they were allowed to live in relative peace
Muslim dress, customs and languages banned in 1508- but Moriscos continued to dress, speak, bathe and eat as they always had maintaining their Islamic way of life
Inquisition decree banning Islamic customs and practises issued in 1526- often unenforced- ran into resistance from landlords and political authorities in the south- feared Morisco uprising
In Valencia following Germania uprising - edict passed in 1525 extending expulsion decree of 1502 to Aragon- brief uprising in 1526
1528 and 1530- attempts to enforce edicts brought off by substantial bribes from Morisco community- eventually Charles accepted annual levy of 20,000 Ducats (the Farda) in return for non enforcement of ban on Moorish culture and dress
Jews
Proportion of Conversos amongst those brought before the inquisition went from 77% in 1500 to 2% by the middle of his reign
Great era of Converso persecution ended with the death of Isabella in 1604
Limpieza de Sangre (Purity of the Blood) Laws- used by many institutions in Castile- excluded those of Converso origin from key positions in church's and universities
Good number of Conversos largely from Aragon employed in government under Charles- another reason for anxiety towards the King
Christian heresy and the threat of Protestantism
Inquisition opened investigations into a group known as Alumbrados (Illuminits) in 1519- followers of mystic Isabel of The Cross- developed practise of Meditation which aimed at direct communion with God and submission to his divine will- 1524 leading Illuminists arrested and beliefs condemned as heresy. 1525- Royal edict condemned Illusionists movements ideas- over years movement crushed
Lutheran publications and teaching was under suspicion from 1521 and Inquisition was alert to spread of Lutheran ideas in Spain- anyone suspected of Lutheran sympathies arrested and tried for heresy- only around 105 prosecutions by 1556 only handful of executions
Rise of Protestantism changed attitudes of authorities to Christian Humanist movement- Christian humanists being investigated for Lutheranism, and Erasmian books were condemned. After 1529- Erasmian scholars in Spain smeared as Lutherans and driven abroad or underground
From 1547- Inquisition issued official list of banned books, possession of which would lead to prosecution as a heretic- evolved into Index of Prohibited Books, issued in 1559- entire works of Erasmus on list - prohibition only in Castile