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First Five Presidents (Jefferson's Presidency (Louisiana Purchase:…
First Five Presidents
Jefferson's Presidency
Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson purchased chunk of lad from Napoleon which doubled the US's size. Sent Lewis and Clark to explore the new territory. Gave the US the rest of the land that it has today with the exception of the Mexican war land.
Different from Adams: Jefferson struggled with staying neutral in conflict between the French and the British. Led to the embargo act.
Barbary Pirates: Were pirates in Northern Africa which captured US merchants and demanded money for their return. Jefferson dealt with them by sending US navy to protect their Merchants
Embargo act: Act passed by Jefferson that stated that US merchants could not trade with either Britain of France. Led to two of the US largest markets being closed and contributed to major economic crash during Jefferson's presidency.
Washington's Presidency
Hamilton's Economic Plan: Hamilton's plan to stabilize US finances consisted of three main actions. Pay off the states debts at face value, this would demonstrate to the rest of the world that the US was capable of paying debts. Protect the nation's new industries by placing a high tariff on foreign goods. Create a national bank for depositing government funds and making depositions.
Farewell Address: Washington gave a farewell address at the end of his presidency consisted of 4 main ideas. Do not get involved in European affairs, do not make permanent foreign alliances, do not form political parties, and do not fall into sectionalism.
Whiskey Rebellion: Hamilton persuaded congress to pass an increase on taxes due to lowered tariffs. Group of farmers in Western Pennsylvania refused t pay the new tax on whiskey. Washington responded by gathering 15,000 militia men and force the farmers to pay the tax. Showed the power of the new federal government and put new government to the test.
Adam's Presidency
XYZ affair: Was a scandal between the French and the US government where US merchant ships were being captured by French. US government negotiated and the French asked for payment in return. Alien and Sedition Acts: Adam's response to the XYZ affair passe Alien Acts which authorized the president to deport any aliens that he deemed dangerous. Also passed Sedition act which prohibited printed criticism of the president or congress. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Where the states of Kentucky and Virginia both refused to follow the Alien and Sedition Acts because they were unconstitutional, set precedent that states could nullify a federal law.
Midnight Judges: Right before Jefferson's presidency, Adams appointed supreme justice John Marshall to the supreme court which guarantees that the federalist would hold power. Led to Marbury v. Madison where court determined that Marshall was to be appointed as justice.
Federalist vs. Jeffersonian Republicans: Federalist were strongest in the Northeastern states and advocated for the growth of the federal government's power. Democratic Republicans were strongest in the South and in the Western frontier and advocate for increased states power.
Madison's Presidency
War of 1812: Caused mainly by British refusal to remove troops from US neutral seas and the British preventing Westward expansion. Several battles were fought without either side really winning. Battle of New Orleans was fought after treaty of Ghent was signed, gave US sense that they won the war.
Hartford Convention: Just before the war ended, the Federalist gathered in a convention where they discussed how to oppose the war. Many threw a suggestion of seceding from the union. Word got out that the federalist wanted to secede and it destroyed the party.
Monroe's Presidency
Era of Good Feelings: Nickname given to Monroe's presidency that meant that the times were marked with nationalism and optimism. Throughout the era political debates still persisted.
Monroe Doctrine: Monroe published his doctrine which prohibited European nation from colonizing or being involved with any nations in the Americas. Was the US trying to keep the Republics that had formed in the Americas from monarch rule.