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CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE (CAUSES (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
DEFINITION
Failure of respiratory system to remove carbon dioxide from the blood resulting in increased content of carbon dioxide in the body
CAUSES
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Stroke
Misuse of drugs and alcohol
Cystic fibrosis
Spinal cord injuries
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary oedema
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Coughing up mucous
Daily headache
Fatigue
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Dysrhythmia
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Arterial blood gas test
Chest X-ray or CT Scan
Physical examination by use of stethoscope to listen to abnormal sounds on lungs
Pulse oximetry test
Bronchoscopy
Troponin blood test
Spirometry
NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT
Assist medical officer to do tracheostomy so that patient can breath more easily
Issue oxygen therapy to increase oxygen levels in the bloood
Treat underlying cause of respiratory failure eg lung disease
Issue fluids to increase bloodflow
DIET THERAPY
Carbohydrates eg mashed potatoes
Unsaturated fats eg olive oil
Proteins eg lean meat
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Amount of carbon dioxide eliminated from the lungs is also reduced, leading to the build up of carbon dioxide on lungs
This can also be classified as hypercapnic respiratory failure
Amount of oxygen going to the lungs is decreased
Tissues thus have a deficiency of oxygen, classified as hypoxia
Airways leading to the lungs become narrow or get damaged
RELATED PHARMACOTHERAPY
Bronchiodilators
Ipratropium Bromide
Salbutamol
Theophylline