Why BIPV does not grow simultaneously in Indonesia?

BIPV suppliers and products

Contractors/EPC

Grid operators and electricity

Building owners and buildings

Government and regulation

Investors and funding

Building occupants/tenant

Current PV suppliers

Local suppliers (local products)

Foreign suppliers (imported products)

Skill/tech to produce custom BIPV?

Affordable price?

Able to ship to Indonesia?

Reasonable shipping cost and tax?

BIPV can be shipped long distance?

Quality?

Affordable price?

Local regulation (TKDN)

Are they aware of BIPV?

Construction process

connection schemes

Need BIPV?

Profit / ROI

Image

Network?

Building/project owners do not know potential investors

Building/project owners do not know architects who are able to design BIPV

How to convince them?

What are they concern about?

Cost vs benefit

Hypo: no local suppliers in Indonesia

Hypo: High distribution cost

Hypo: can be cheap (from China)

Do they know BIPV suppliers?

Aesthetic

Hypo: no need special workers

Hypo: aware of BIPV

Hypo: know any suppliers

Advertised widely?

Hypo: limited advertisement

Long time to ship

Hypo: high investment cost

Govt incentive

Electricity surplus

Reduce energy cost

Increase property value

Materials needed

Transparent solar panel

Solar charge controller

Inverter

Customized

Modular

Nature

Solar potential?

More complexity

Needs special workers?

Longer time than conventional solar panels?

More skillful

More expensive

Needs special tools?

Hypo: no need special tools

Hypo: might take longer time

procedures to connect to the grid?

net metering

feed-in tariff

off grid

Architects and building consultants

Get informed about the project

Design the building

Construction phase

Wide network?

Communicate with building owner and other decision makers

Who made the building specifications?

What are their KPIs?

Hypo: building owners

Factors influence design?

Internal

External

Knowledge (know about BIPV or other tech?)

Personal objective

Revenue

Portfolio

Specification from building owners

Building function

Others

Skill to perceive value

Hypo: they don't have knowledge of BIPV

Hypo: low-middle experience architects' priority is revenue and portfolio quantity, high experience architects' care more about image

Personal image

Hypo: they have skill to design BIPV aesthetically, but limited knowledge of socio techno economic benefits of BIPV

Aesthetics

Others

Energy efficiency

Building image

Hypo: architects can influence the external factors

Substitute building materials

Hypo: unattractive incentive schemes

Hypo: no additional revenue generated for architects in designing BIPV

Are revenue becomes their priority in designing building?

Hypo: revenue is priority

Hypo: long ROI

Unattractive profit

Revenue

Cost

Number of m2 rent

% of rented area

IDR/m2

Fixed

Variable

Maintenance

Labor

Others

Utilities

Ground space

Number of floors

Location

Parking space

Building management

Building image

Locate in strategic area

Public transportation access

Reduce energy use kWh

Reduce energy price (IDR/kWh)

Produce energy kWh

Energy efficient appliances

Energy efficient occupant behaviour

Passive design

Hypo: BIPV might increase building image

Hypo: BIPV might help to reduce energy cost, but not that much

Lack of drivers

High barriers

Financial

FiT

Investment subsidy

Non-financial

Green building mark

Buildings get promoted

Renewables projects are not bankable

Hypo: FiT is not attractive

Hypo: there is no investment subsidy for BIPV

Hypo: people cannot see added value of having green building certification

Poor PPA draft

Unclear payment mechanisms

Rapid change of tariff rates regulation

Unpredictable foreign exchange rates

Hypo: Due to the regulation related to renewables is still new, standard payment mechanism is still lacking

Lack of standard payment mechanism

Hypo: New governments change regulation, no long-term blue print

Hypo: Lack of scheme to prevent loss related to change in foreign exchange rates

Financial incentives

Permit to construct