Why BIPV does not grow simultaneously in Indonesia?
BIPV suppliers and products
Contractors/EPC
Grid operators and electricity
Building owners and buildings
Government and regulation
Investors and funding
Building occupants/tenant
Current PV suppliers
Local suppliers (local products)
Foreign suppliers (imported products)
Skill/tech to produce custom BIPV?
Affordable price?
Able to ship to Indonesia?
Reasonable shipping cost and tax?
BIPV can be shipped long distance?
Quality?
Affordable price?
Local regulation (TKDN)
Are they aware of BIPV?
Construction process
connection schemes
Need BIPV?
Profit / ROI
Image
Network?
Building/project owners do not know potential investors
Building/project owners do not know architects who are able to design BIPV
How to convince them?
What are they concern about?
Cost vs benefit
Hypo: no local suppliers in Indonesia
Hypo: High distribution cost
Hypo: can be cheap (from China)
Do they know BIPV suppliers?
Aesthetic
Hypo: no need special workers
Hypo: aware of BIPV
Hypo: know any suppliers
Advertised widely?
Hypo: limited advertisement
Long time to ship
Hypo: high investment cost
Govt incentive
Electricity surplus
Reduce energy cost
Increase property value
Materials needed
Transparent solar panel
Solar charge controller
Inverter
Customized
Modular
Nature
Solar potential?
More complexity
Needs special workers?
Longer time than conventional solar panels?
More skillful
More expensive
Needs special tools?
Hypo: no need special tools
Hypo: might take longer time
procedures to connect to the grid?
net metering
feed-in tariff
off grid
Architects and building consultants
Get informed about the project
Design the building
Construction phase
Wide network?
Communicate with building owner and other decision makers
Who made the building specifications?
What are their KPIs?
Hypo: building owners
Factors influence design?
Internal
External
Knowledge (know about BIPV or other tech?)
Personal objective
Revenue
Portfolio
Specification from building owners
Building function
Others
Skill to perceive value
Hypo: they don't have knowledge of BIPV
Hypo: low-middle experience architects' priority is revenue and portfolio quantity, high experience architects' care more about image
Personal image
Hypo: they have skill to design BIPV aesthetically, but limited knowledge of socio techno economic benefits of BIPV
Aesthetics
Others
Energy efficiency
Building image
Hypo: architects can influence the external factors
Substitute building materials
Hypo: unattractive incentive schemes
Hypo: no additional revenue generated for architects in designing BIPV
Are revenue becomes their priority in designing building?
Hypo: revenue is priority
Hypo: long ROI
Unattractive profit
Revenue
Cost
Number of m2 rent
% of rented area
IDR/m2
Fixed
Variable
Maintenance
Labor
Others
Utilities
Ground space
Number of floors
Location
Parking space
Building management
Building image
Locate in strategic area
Public transportation access
Reduce energy use kWh
Reduce energy price (IDR/kWh)
Produce energy kWh
Energy efficient appliances
Energy efficient occupant behaviour
Passive design
Hypo: BIPV might increase building image
Hypo: BIPV might help to reduce energy cost, but not that much
Lack of drivers
High barriers
Financial
FiT
Investment subsidy
Non-financial
Green building mark
Buildings get promoted
Renewables projects are not bankable
Hypo: FiT is not attractive
Hypo: there is no investment subsidy for BIPV
Hypo: people cannot see added value of having green building certification
Poor PPA draft
Unclear payment mechanisms
Rapid change of tariff rates regulation
Unpredictable foreign exchange rates
Hypo: Due to the regulation related to renewables is still new, standard payment mechanism is still lacking
Lack of standard payment mechanism
Hypo: New governments change regulation, no long-term blue print
Hypo: Lack of scheme to prevent loss related to change in foreign exchange rates
Financial incentives
Permit to construct