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CHAPTER 14: RESOURCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT (Efficient Resource Use (Cleaner…
CHAPTER 14: RESOURCE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Efficient Resource Use
Reducing energy and fuel consumption will reduce costs and improve the environmental sustainability performance of a project and reduce its environmental impacts.
Cleaner Production
- as defined by UNEP
The continuous application of an integrated, preventative strategy applied to processes, products, and services in pursuit of economic, social, health, safety and environmental benefits.
Waste Minimisation
Pollution prevention - The Waste Management Policy (Used Packaging Materials) hierarchy for waste management:
Waste Minimisation, Avoidance, Re-use, Recycle, Recover Energy, Waste Treatment, Containment, Disposal.
Main Methods used for waste management:
Place in piles away from residences
Incineration (open burnings)
Dispose of into rivers and oceans
Placce in holes and gullies and cover with dirt
Reasons that costs of waste disposal are increasing:
Landfills are filling up, requiring waste to be transported greater distances for disposal
Disposal charges are being increased in order to reflect all costs
Policies to discourage dumping to landfill and encourage recycling and other waste minimisation activities
Increasing waste generation rates
User-Pays Principle
Based on the idea that the price of a natural recourse or environmental service should reflect its full cost. (for e.g the cost of managing wastes)
Then, Financial decisions made by consumers and businesses will lead to efficient allocation of resources because the cheaper options will also be those with a lower environmental cost.