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The Central Nervous System (Tracts of the brain (Association tracts,…
The Central Nervous System
Hindbrain
Contains
The spinal cord
Tracts
Ascending tracts
Associated with sensory signals
Descending tracts
Associated with motor signals
Roots
Ventral roots
Dorsal roots
Dorsal root ganglion
The midbrain
The pons
Position
Superior to the Medulla Oblongata
Inferior to the midbrain
Associated with
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
Trigeminal motor nucleus
Chewing
Trigeminal sensory nucleus
Facial sensation
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Hearing
Lost after damage
Balance and equilibrium
Facial motor nucleus
Facial expression
Abducens nucleus
Eye movement
Posture
The diencephalon
The epithalamus
Connects limbic system with the rest of the brain
The limbic system is associated with
Emotion
Motivation
Behavior
Long term memory
Smell
Associated with
Pineal gland
The hypothalamus
Location
Inferior to thalamus
Anterior area of the diencephalon
Associated with
The pituitary gland
Connects endocrine and nervous systems
Maintains homeostasis
How
Secretion of hormones
Thirst
Fatigue
Circadian rythms
Attachment behaviors
Body temperature
Contains numerous nuclei
Thalamus
Location
Posterior area of diencephalon
Associated with
Sending signals to cerebral cortex
Sensory
Signals
Pain signals
Temperature
Consciousness
Alertness
Sleep
Motor
The cerebellum
Connected to the rest of the brain by
Cerebellar peduncles
Superior
To the midbrain
Middle
To the pons
Inferior
Relates to the medulla oblongota
Colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Superior colliculi
Medulla oblongota
Location
Superior to the spinal cord
Inferior to the pons
Associated with
Visceral Motor function
Breathing
Vomiting
Heart rate
Sneezing
Blood pressure
Pyramidal tracts
Corticobulbar
Cranial nerves
Corticospinal tracts
Spinal nerves
Functions
Direct motor impulses from the brain to a destination
The cerebrum
The lobes
Frontal
Associated with
Primary motor cortex
Regulates somatic motor signals
Emotional expression
Problem solving
Sexual behaviors
Location
Anterior part of cerebrum
Parietal
Associated with
Proprioception
Interpretation of visual information
Processing of language
Creating an understanding of language
Location
Temporal
Associated with
Formation of visual memories
Processing of auditory signals
Processing of visual signals
Language recognition
Formation of new memories
Location
bilateral on both left and right of brain
Occipital
Location
Posterior area of cerebrum
Features of the Cerebrum
Primary somatosensory cortex
Prominent gyri
Precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus
Insular cortex
Associated with
Perception
Self awareness
Interpersonal experience
motor control
Capillaries of the brain
Tight junctions
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Tracts of the brain
Association tracts
Projection tracts
Commisural tracts
Reticular formation nuclei
A series of nuclei
Location
Pons
See "Pons" branch
Medulla oblognata
glossopharyngeal nerve
Recieves a variety of sensory signals
Has only one motor component
Innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle
vagus nerve
Controls
Heart
Lungs
GI tract
Hypoglossal nerve
Motor nerve
Innervates the tongue
Spinal accessory nerve
Innervates
Sternochleidomastoid
Trapezius muscles
Midbrain
substantia nigra
Reward behaviors
Motor control
oculomotor nerve
Innervates extrinsic eye muscles
Trochlear nerve nuclei
Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye
Red nuclei
Largely vestigeal