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First Four Presidents (Jefferson (Louisiana purchase - The Louisiana…
First Four Presidents
Jefferson
Louisiana purchase - The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
Barbary Pirates - Ottoman and Maghrebi pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa,The Barbary Pirates seizing American merchant ships and holding the crews for ransom, demanding the U.S. pay tribute to the Barbary rulers. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this tribute.
Embargo Act - The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general embargo on all foreign nations enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.
Jefferson v. Adam Political Philosophy - John Adams was a Federalist; Tom Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican. Jefferson did not support a strong federal government, while Adams did. There was a court case to resolve their political controversy too.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
Washington
Whiskey Rebellion- This arose from an increase in taxes by the federal government, especially on whiskey. Many farmers would not pay the tax and rebelled. Washington responded by sending 15,000 militiamen and stopped the rebellion before it even started.
Hamilton's Economic Plan- Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed a plan to have a foundation for US finances. He has three things he wanted done which where to create a national back, assume all of the states debt, and imposing high tariffs on imported goods. His plan went to action after Jefferson said he would agree to it if Hamilton said to move the capital down south.
Farewell Address- Washington warned Americans against three major things: not to get involved in european affairs, not to create political parties, and not to form foreign alliances. Many generations after followed him and not having foreign relations but the political parties were already forming and were to become a major part of politics.
Jay Treaty- To stay neutral Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain to talk them out of their practice of searching and seizing American ships. Jay brought a treaty which stated that the British would evacuate its US posts but nothing against the seizure of American ships. Although the treaty was ratified, it was very unpopular and angered many French supporters in France.
Adams
Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions - Placed into effect by Jefferson and Madison in 1798. These resolutions were secretly made to take back the rights lost in the Alien and Sedition Acts. Also brought about the later compact theory which gave the states more power than the government.
Jeffersonian-Republicans vs. Federalists - The Jeffersonian-Republicans believed in a weak central government, strong states rights, and a strict interpretation of the government. The federalists, however, believed in a strong central government, and a loose interpretation of the constitution.
XYZ affair- Outraged by Jay's treaty, the French began to disregard the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams, then sends 3 secret interactions with Talleyrand, the French foreign minister. Talleyrand then demands $250,000 which leads to naval battles between the 2 countries. Later they both realized they didn't want another enemy and ceased fighting.
Alien and Sedition Acts - Gave the president power in peacetime to evict any alien out of the country. The sedition act mainly provided fines and and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. The acts remained in effect until the end of the presidential term.
Midnight Appointments - Congressed reduced the number of supreme court justices, but increased the number of federal judges. President Adams quickly filled the last position within the last hours of his presidency.
Was appointed by John Adams within the last hours of his presidency as Chief Justice of of the Supreme Court. He served on the Supreme Court for 34 years and continued to make federalist decisions.
Madison
War of 1812 - Monroe called for the war as Secretary of State. US went to war against Britain because of the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier.Resulted in the Monroe Doctrine and peace between the two countries. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent.
Hartford Convention - Federalists met to discuss their grievances with the War of 1812 since they felt that their commercial interests were being sacrificed by the Southern and new Western states. Made the Federalists less popular since the war had ended successfully, so their views were insignificant. Ended the Federalist Party
Madison Extra - Wrote Federalist Papers. Sponsored the Bill of Rights. Established the Democrat-Republican Party
Monroe
Monroe Doctrine - Any act of intervention towards the US will be seen as a hostile act. The US has the right to intervene in foreign affairs if it feels actions are putting the US in danger. Opposed European colonialism and US would not intervene in European Affairs
Era Of Good Feelings - reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. Federalists party dissolves, so political party rivalries weren't apparent