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First 4 Presidents (Adams (XYZ Affair (French refused to negotiate with…
First 4 Presidents
Adams
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XYZ Affair
French refused to negotiate with America after taking their ships unless they would pay them a large amount
Published this affair and labeled the three officials as XYZ, leading to a strong Anti-French feeling
Alien & Sedition Act: Nothing stated against the government or would be jailed; hatred towards foreigners and banning of their arrival
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions: States can say laws are unconstitutional, thus leading to the Alien and Sedition Acts not followed in these states
Midnight Appointments
The judicial appointments made by President John Adams just before he was succeeded by President Thomas Jefferson.
Saw the appointments as a way to preserve Federalist influence in the federal government during the Jeffersonian tenure.
John Marshall
Chief Justice, came up with judicial review in Marbury v Madison
Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
Land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
Controversial because his strict interpretation of the Constitution was abandoned by signing of this treaty because not explicitly stated
Barbary Pirates
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He refused and declared war on them, showing how he was not afraid of fighting back unlike Adams and Washington who simply paid them
Embargo Act
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Stop trade, leading belligerents with economic neccessity of America to respect America's neutral rights
Political Philosophy
Opposed strong central government, unlike Adams who supported it
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Washington
Hamilton Economic Plan
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His plan was to retire the old depreciated obligations by borrowing new money at a lower interest rate.
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Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in western Pennsylvania rebel over the strict enforcement of an excise tax on whiskey passed in 1791.
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When this fails, he calls up more than 12,000 militiamen and dispatches them to Pennsylvania, whereupon the insurrection dissolves.
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Monroe
Monroe Doctrine
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The doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries.
The War of 1812
Causes of the war included British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy’s impressment of American seamen and America’s desire to expand its territory.
American troops were able to repulse British invasions in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans, boosting national confidence and fostering a new spirit of patriotism.
The ratification of the Treaty of Ghent on February 17, 1815, ended the war.
Celebrated the war as a “second war of independence,” beginning an era of partisan agreement and national pride.
Hartford Convention
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Some convention participants demanded secession from the Union, but the convention just called for constitutional amendments limiting the power of the Presidency.
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