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First 4 Presidents (Adams' Presidency (John Marshall: many court cases…
First 4 Presidents
Adams' Presidency
John Marshall: many court cases, most important was judicial review in marbury v. madison
Midnight appointments: The Midnight Judges Act attempted to solve an issue in the supreme court in the early 19th century. In 1789, there was a concern over the Justices of the court to "ride circuit" and reiterate decisions.
Alien and Sedition Acts: made "aliens" harder to vote, series of laws passed by federalist congress. XYZ Affair: Treaty of Mortefontaine, political affair between french and U.S, over territory. V/K Resolutions: Principles of "98
Federalists opted for a powerful government, loose interpretation while Jeffersonians opted for strong interpretation but weak central gov.
James Monroe
Hartford Convention: New England states threatened to secede, thus resulting in a convention in Hartford. Radical federalists urged the secession but delegates from the New England area rejected the calls for secession.
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe declared that the U.S. opposed any further attempts of European powers in the western hemisphere. He warned them no to seek or intervene in the western hemisphere.
The War of 1812: war was caused between Britain and the United States over existing tension and violation regarding the Monroe Doctrine and the neutral rights. The war ended with the Treaty of Ghent.
Washington's Presidency
Washington warned against 3 things in his farewell address. He said to stray away from political parties as it would divide the nation and to not have foreign alliances, to stay neutral.
Whiskey Rebellion: a tax protest by farmers and distillers, they protested tax on whiskey followed by years of tax aggression by tax collectors.
Hamilton's Economic Plan: He proposed that the government assumes all national debt including states'. He wanted to borrow new money at a low interest rate.
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory. Jefferson went back on his own word when acquiring the louisiana purchase.
Barbary Pirates took Americans and held them for ransom, demanding money but Jefferson refused to pay them tribute.
Jefferson passed this as a punishment on the French and English for interfering with American trade. (Embargo Act 1807)
He adopted the Democratic-Republican party, far different, quite opposite of Adams as their tension continued to grow in political beliefs.