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4 presidents (Jefferson (Barbary Pirates (several renegade countries on…

- - - - Jefferson stopped paying the tribute, and the U.S. fought the Barbary (Tripolitan) Wars (1801-1805) against the countries of Tripoli and Algeria.
        The war was inconclusive and the U.S. went back to paying the tribute.
  - - - Pres. Jefferson hoped to weaken Brittian and France by stopping trade. The Embargo Act ended up hurting our economy more than theirs.
        
        It was repealed in 1809. The Embargo Act helped to revive the Federalists.
- - - - These laws raised the waiting period for naturalization from 5 to 14 years, permitted the detention of subjects of an enemy nation, and authorized the chief executive to expel any alien he considered dangerous.
  - - - he said that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury tried to base his appeal was unconstitutional.
        
        Marbury v. Madison case Marshall inserted the keystone into the arch that supports the tremendous power of the Supreme Court.
- - - - His plan was to retire the old depreciated obligations by borrowing new money at a lower interest rate.
        
        States like Maryland, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Virginia, which had already paid off their debts, saw no reason why they should be taxed by the federal government to pay off the debts of other states like Massachusetts and South Carolina.
        
        James Madison and Thomas Jefferson engineered a compromise. In exchange for southern votes, Hamilton promised to support locating the national capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the border between two southern states, Virginia and Maryland.
    - - national bank would collect taxes, hold government funds, and make loans to the government and borrowers
        
        Congress passed a bill creating a national bank for a term of 20 years
  - - - Western Pennsylvania, individuals immediately voiced their displeasure by refusing to pay the tax
        
        felt the tax was an abuse of federal authority wrongly targeting a demographic that relied on crops such as corn, rye, and grain to earn a profit.
        
        Washington organized a militia force of 12,950 men and led them towards Western Pennsylvania
- - - - strengthened Americans' feelings of nationalism
        
        encouraged economic independence, growth of industry within America, and the creation of a strong national army and navy
  - - - Opposition to the War of 1812
        
        Financial reimbursement for trade embargo
        
        Prevention of election of presidents from the same state twice in a row
        
        One term for presidents
        
        Requirement of 2/3 majority vote to declare war
        
        Ending of Three-Fifths Compromise for representation
      - discussed seceding from the United States. However, when they went to announce these proposed Constitutional changes, the war was over. The ideas discredited the Federalist party, and many thought they acted treasonously.
  - - - was invoked symbolically when the Soviet Union began to build missile-launching sites in Cuba.