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First 4 Presidents (Adams (XYZ affair – Alien/Sedition Acts –…
First 4 Presidents
Adams
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Midnight Appointments: Thomas Jefferson and Republicans were furious about midnight appointment Let Midnight judges take office. Such as Marbury Madison.
John Marshall was chief justice and judged Marbury vs Madison. Established Judicial Review which gave American courts the power to strike down law statutes and government action that contravene the US constitution.
Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson bought 827 000 square miles of Land west of the MIssissippi river for 15 million dollars. Violates the US Constitution and thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation so some people got mad. He passed this of as a treaty.
Barbary Pirates
North African States of Tunis, Tripoli, Algiers, and Morocco harbored pirates in the early years of the United States,, and demanded from all maritime nations an annual tribute to ensure safe passage through the Mediterranean waters. As the United States did not have a navy and did not offer tribute the American Merchants suffered. First Barbary War 1801-1805. US won war.
Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United States Congress that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. Wanted Britain and France to realize their dependence on American goods, convincing them to respect American neutrality and stop impressing America seamen. Devastated American economy.
Political philosophy and how it differs from Adams: Adams was a federalist while Jefferson was a Democratic Republican. So Jefferson wanted a strict interpretation of the constitution while Adams wanted a looser interpretation. Jefferson believed in less power in the federal government and Adams wanted more power in the federal government.
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Washington
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Hamilton’s economic plan
Wanted federal government to take states debts.
Create a bank
Put taxes on imports
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Monroe
Monrow Doctrine: US policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas. And America would not interfere with existing European colonies.
War of 1812: US declared war against Great Britain in reaction to three issues. British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral seamen into the British Royal Navy, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier. Ended with Treaty of Ghent.
Hartford Convention: Meetings from December 1814 to 1815 in which the Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government. Pretty much ended the federalist part because they tried to impeach Monroe when reports came in that they won.