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First 4 Presidents (John Adams (Federalist vs. Jeffersonian-Republicans:…
First 4 Presidents
John Adams
Federalist vs. Jeffersonian-Republicans: The Jeffersonian Republicans believed in strong state governments, a weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
However, the Federalists thought differently. They opted for a powerful central government with weaker state governments, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
Alien and Sedition Act: In 1798 laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress which were aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people.
XYZ Affair: It was an incident in which french agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships. This led to an undeclared naval war between the 2 countries
Virginia/Kentucky resolutions: They were resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional
Thomas Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase: It was in 1803 where Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France. This doubled the size of the US.
Barbary Pirate
The name given to several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa who demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean. From 1795-1801, the U.S. paid the Barbary states for protection against the pirates.
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Embargo Act: An act issued by Jefferson that forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade.
It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.
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James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine: it was a policy stated by Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.
The War of 1812: From 1812 to 1815, Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army
Hartford Convention: The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done. Many of these complaints were manifestation of their fears of being overpowered by states in the south and west.
This was an example of the growing issue of Sectionalism and was another event in the approaching end of the Federalist Party.
George Washington
Hamilton's economy plan: Hamilton's economy plans were taxes on whiskey, protective tariff, national bank, pay off debts to individuals and states
Federalists supported all of Hamilton's ideas, but Republicans thought that Hamilton was trying to make America more like England, which they believe is corrupt.
Whiskey Rebellion: it was an uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey
The Whiskey Rebellion left an impact of making the government able to demonstrate its power and the Federalist Party lost the support of the people.
Farewell Address: Washington stressed maintaining commercial but not political ties to other nations. And he also stressed not entering permanent alliances.
America's uniqueness compared to other countries depended on being independent action on foreign affairs.