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First Four Presidents (Adams (Virginia Kentucky Resolution (-In response…
First Four Presidents
Adams
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XYZ Affair
An incident in which french agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships. It led to an undeclared Naval War between the two countries.
Made Adams looks strong as a president,
build up americans military
Alien Sedition Acts
1798 Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government. Later ruled unconstitutional, Andrew Jackson issued blanket pardon in 1801.
increased requirements to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, president had the power to deport our jail undesirable aliens without a trial
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Midnight Appointments
Adams signed the commissions for these Federal judges during his last night in office. Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government.
JohnMarshall
Marshall used Federalist approaches to build a strong federal government over the opposition of the Jeffersonian Republicans, who wanted stronger state governments. His influential rulings reshaped American government, making the Supreme Court the final arbiter of constitutional interpretation.
established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional.
Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.
The Treaty of 1818 put the northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase at the 49th parallel and provided for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon Territory with Britain, without a surrender of rights and claims by neither Britain nor America.
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Barbary Pirates
The First Barbary War was an undeclared war waged by the United States against the North African states of Morocco, Tripoli, Algiers, and Tunis. The principle cause of the war was that those states harbored and supported the actions of pirates against American shipping vessels in the Mediterranean Sea.
Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations
Embargo Act
-to protect the trading ships and sailors
-If the U.S. can deprive Britain and France from American goods they are hoping they can put an economic squeeze on Britain and France so that they will agree to stop seizing American ships
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Political Philosophy
The core political value of America is republicanism—citizens have a civic duty to aid the state and resist corruption, especially monarchism and aristocracy.
Jefferson and his followers favored states' rights and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. They believed that a powerful central government posed a threat to individual liberties
He thought states should charter banks that could issue money. Jefferson also believed that the Constitution did not give the national government the power to establish a bank.
Washington
Whiskey Rebellion
uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government
Washington believed that the federal government needed to remain strong enough to prevent state or regional interests from gaining too much power.
1) the government was able to demonstrate its power and
2) the Federalist Party lost the support of the people.
Hamilton's Economic Plan
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Tax on whiskey, protective tariff, national bank, pay off debts to individuals and states
Farewell Address
Urged Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions. Warned against long-term alliances with other nations. (foreign affair)
The US took Washington's advice on avoiding permanent military alliances until 1949 when the US joined NATO
Monroe
Monroe Doctrine
the policy that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.
Important because it was a foreign policy statement originally set forth in 1823 which created sphere of europeans and american influences.
Happened because the United States and Britain were concerned over the possibility of European colonial expansion in the Americas Britain feared that Spain would attempt to reclaim its former colonies which had recently gained independence.
The War of 1812
Great Britian got mad at the US so they started pulling over American ships and taking their crew to fight the war for them. During 1804-1810 there were forty-five impressments and the Declaration of Independence rights were violated
The northern states did not want to go to war with Great Britain because the shipping industry kept them strong and rich. There was also the hope of expansion of land--Canada, Florida and Western Land
Established that the US was just as strong as Britain and the injustice of what Britain did to them rose the script of the National Anthem. Achieved pushing off the First Nations(Native Americans) off their settlement.
Hartford Convention
A secretive group of federalists that met during 1812 and succeeded because of the war of 1812. they were not happy because of bad trade, especially in the north with shippers
When Federalists met in Hartford, they meant to protest the War of 1812. But what they did was destroy their own party as a national political force, through a combination of bad timing and bad luck