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Reproductive System (Disorders of the reproductive system (Syphilis- goes…
Reproductive System
Disorders of the reproductive system
Syphilis- goes symptomless for years, caused by bacteria and can be cured with antibiotics in early stages
Herpes- caused by a herpes virus, cannot be cured but can be treated with antiviral medication,
Gonorrhea- Approximately 650,000 people infected each year in US, caused by bacteria, spread from close sexual contact, can be spread from mother to child during child birth
Genital/Veneral warts- approximately 5.5 million new cases in the US, 20 million people currently infected in the US, caused by HPV, no cure but prevent through vaccination
Chlamydia- four million new cases occur each year, most common STD, caused by bacteria and can be cured by antibiotics
AIDS- caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), spread through sexual intercourse but can be passed by sharing needles, no cure only treatment
Pubic lice/ crabs- caused by a parasite that look like "crabs", usually located in coarse areas.
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Covering of testes- tunica albuginea, capsule surrounding the testes
Septa- extension of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules
Anatomy of sperm-
Head- contains nucleus with DNA inside
Acrosome- anterior portion of head, contains enzyme needed for penetration the female egg
Midpiece- contains mitochondria that provide energy, ATP, for journey through the female reproductive system
Spermatogenesis- production of sperm cells, begins at puberty and continues throughout life. Takes about 64 to 72 days for production
Gonads
Primary sex organs- which produces specialized cells called gametes (sex cells)
External genitalia-penis and the scrotum
Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Support for ovaries-suspensory ligaments- secure ovary to lateral walls of pelvis, ovarian ligament- attach to uterus, Broad ligament- encloses suspensory ligament
Oogenesis- process of producing ova or egg cells, total supply of eggs are present at birth, ovulation or ability to release eggs begins at puberty
Ovaries- Female gonad, paired, almond-shaped organ on either side of uterus, fibrous capsule is called tunica albuginea, outer cortex houses developing female gamete
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- at puberty, stimulates sertoli cells or sperm production and maturation
Both LH and FSH- released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
Leutinizing hormone (LH)- stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)- released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. Triggered by low levels of testosterone, and is controlled by negative feedback
Testosterone- stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive. It causes secondary sex characteristics/ deepening of voice, increased hair growth, enlargement of skeletal muscle and thickening of bones
Female
Estrogen- produced by the ovaries
Progesterone- produced during and after ovulation that prepares the uterus for the implantation.
Testosterone- the principal male sex hormone
Major functions of the reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Reproduction; process by which new individuals (offspring) of a species produced
Sexual reproduction, reproduction involving two parents (female and male)
Fertilization; infusion of egg and sperm produces a zygote
Major function is to produce,maintain, and transport sperm and protective fluid to the female reproductive tract
Female reproductive system
Functions in the production of female gamete (ovum or egg) and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
The female has to produce gamete and prepare reproductive organs to be able to support the embryo/fertilized egg when pregnant.
Ductus system: delivery of female gamete, it includes uterine (fallopian tube), uterus, and vagina
Ovaries; primary sex organs / external genitalia; mon pubis, labia, vestibule, and the clitoris