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First 4 Presidents (Jefferson (Barbary Pirates (Ottoman and Maghrebi…
First 4 Presidents
Jefferson
Barbary Pirates
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The Barbary Pirates seizing American merchant ships and holding the crews for ransom, demanding the U.S. pay tribute to the Barbary rulers. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this tribute.
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general embargo on all foreign nations enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
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Washington
Jay Treaty
To stay neutral Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain to talk them out of their practice of searching and seizing American ships. Jay brought a treaty which stated that the British would evacuate its US posts but nothing against the seizure of American ships. Although the treaty was ratified, it was very unpopular and angered many French supporters in France.
Farewell Address
Washington warned Americans against three major things: not to get involved in european affairs, not to create political parties, and not to form foreign alliances. Many generations after followed him and not having foreign relations but the political parties were already forming and were to become a major part of politics.
Whiskey Rebellion
This arose from an increase in taxes by the federal government, especially on whiskey. Many farmers would not pay the tax and rebelled. Washington responded by sending 15,000 militiamen and stopped the rebellion before it even started.
Hamilton's Economic Plan
Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed a plan to have a foundation for US finances. He has three things he wanted done which where to create a national back, assume all of the states debt, and imposing high tariffs on imported goods. His plan went to action after Jefferson said he would agree to it if Hamilton said to move the capital down south.
Adams
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XYZ Affair
Outraged by Jay's treaty, the French began to disregard the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams, then sends 3 secret interactions with Talleyrand, the French foreign minister. Talleyrand then demands $250,000 which leads to naval battles between the 2 countries. Later they both realized they didn't want another enemy and ceased fighting.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Gave the president power in peacetime to evict any alien out of the country. The sedition act mainly provided fines and and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. The acts remained in effect until the end of the presidential term.
Midnight Appointments - Congressed reduced the number of supreme court justices, but increased the number of federal judges. President Adams quickly filled the last position within the last hours of his presidency.
He was appointed by John Adams within the last hours of his presidency as Chief Justice of of the Supreme Court. He served on the Supreme Court for 34 years and continued to make federalist decisions.
Madison
The War of 1812
Monroe called for the war as Secretary of State. US went to war against Britain because of the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier. Resulted in the Monroe Doctrine and peace between the two countries. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent.
Hartford Convention
Federalists met to discuss their grievances with the War of 1812 since they felt that their commercial interests were being sacrificed by the Southern and new Western states. Made the Federalists less popular since the war had ended successfully, so their views were insignificant. Ended the Federalist Party.
Madison wrote the federalist Papers + Sponsored Bill of Rights + Established the Democrat-Republican Party