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CM Crisis
1962 (13 Days
(Oct 1962) (Tuesday 16th
JFK formed exp…
CM Crisis
1962
13 Days
(Oct 1962)
Tuesday 16th
JFK formed exp military & political advisers group - Ex Comm
Hawks - Eager for a skirmish, maybe even open war
Doves - Urges that it can all be solved through diplomacy
Saturday 20th - Sunday 21st
JFK blockades CUB w/ navy, 800 km from CUB cost
Assembles troops in Florida for possible CUB invade
Monday 22th
JFK announces blockade on US TV, wants missile withdrawal
Khrush tells troops on CUB to expect & resist US invasion
Tuesday 23rd
Khrush sends JFK a letter saying he ignores blockade
Not admitting to Nuclear missiles on CUB
Wednesday 24th
Blockade begins, ships approach blockade w/ submarines
10:32 - Ships suddenly stop/retreat close to zone
Friday 26th
JFK receives long personal letter, admits to nuclear weapons
Indicating possible w/draw with JFK's promise not to invade
120k troops already in Forida
Saturday 27th
Khrush sends 2nd letter - demanding also TURK withdrawal
US spy plane shot down over CUB - Hawks demand attack
JFK delays attack, responds only to first letter
Threatened an attack w/o USSR withdrawal
Sunday 28th
Khrush replies to JFK, agrees to terms
'in order to eliminate as rapidly as possible the conflict
which endangers the cause of peace'
USSR Involvement
US Bargaining
Threaten US into agreeing to demands of submission
US missiles in Turkey, Iran; Berlin still split in half
USSR Missile Gap
US had more missiles, Khrush needed to close gap
CUB site would reduce US chance of first strike
CUB Defence
CUB - Only comm state in Americas, also was willing
It's very existence could be used for propaganda
High potential as military base
Khrush's Prestige
Critics in Soviet Comm Party, unlike 'all-powerful Stalin'
Possible strength for his position & authority
-
US Involvement
Bay of Pigs
4/61 - JFK authorises CIA plan w/ 1.4k CUB exiles
Failure: Gave USSR fair reason to 'protect' CUB
Strengthens FC's support in CUB; justifies Khrush
Big Red Dog
5/62 - USSR announces Arms supply to CUB
Sept - Ks of missiles w/ boats, tanks, radar, 5k technicians etc.
Comm Cuba = Big red dog in US backyard (90 miles to Florida)
JFK warns consequences of adding Nuclear arms to CUB arms
October Crisis
Sunday (14/10/62) US U2 spy plane flew over Cuba
Nuclear missile sites found, 20 more ships of missiles coming
Couldn't be made fully active w/o being fully built however
Impact
Brinkmanship
The greatest tension of nuclear war ever experienced so far
Relations, tensions improve, Permanent 'hotline' implanted
Brinkmanship - test how close they could get to nuclear war
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty reduced tests of weapons
US respects USSR's arms, though they are behind
In technology and in quantity
Win or Lose
Khrush - won promise that US wouldn't invade,
caused tension between US & GB; missile gap still present
JFK - stood up to Khrush and Hawks in his gov.
FC still in CUB and he lost missiles in TURK
F.Castro - Kept nationalised US companies, resources
Had little to no control over CM crisis, left highly armed & comm
Background
Cuban Revolt '59
In US's backyard, practically US colony
Ruled by General Fulgencio Batista (corrupt)
Corrupt, unpopular; overthrown by F.Castro
Many followers killed, imprisoned, fled to exile
Followers urge Dwight D Eisenhower to oust Castro
Eisen gets CIA to investigate FC's overthrowing
Cut of trade w/ CUB, propaganda campaign vs. CUB